Sn. Miguel Chimalapa

Bi Maʔiʃi ‘The Dream’
told by Silviano Jiménez Gutiérrez

Silviano Jiménez Jiménez
CIESAS
San Miguel Chimalapa Zoque is spoken in Oaxaca. The speakers of San Miguel Chimalapa Zoque refer to their language as ’aŋpɨn tsame, from mouth (’aŋ), man (pɨn) and speech (tsame). San Miguel Chimalapa Zoque has an extensive oral tradition that is only shared between adults and elderly speakers. Each of the Zoque stories, legends, and myths reflects San Miguel Chimalapa Zoque and general Zoquean cultural elements and combines these with beliefs of other cultures with which San Miguel Chimalapa Zoque has maintained contact over distinct periods in its history. Today, San Miguel Chimalapa Zoque is in danger of extinction.
The story Bi Maʔixi ‘The Dream’ was narrated by Silviano Jiménez Gutiérrez, born in 1952. The story was recorded on August 19, 2014, in the community of Emilano Zapata in San Miguel Chimalapa, Oaxaca. The narration relates a dream previously shared by the speaker’s late father. In the dream, the protagonist speaks with an unknown man (the devil), who in addition to taking him to visit various places throughout the region, shows him the penances suffered by those that work with the devil.

1)
speaker		 Pwes gaʔ dɨ ʔoktsamhayyɨ bin dejuntu jaton biy maʔixi ke gaʔ maʔixxɨ.
pues kaʔ tɨʔ=ʔok–¢am–hay–wɨ bi ʔɨn=difunto haton bi ʔɨy=maʔiš–i que kaʔ Ø=maʔiš–wɨ
well DIST 1PO=below–speak–APPL–CMP.INDP DET 1PSR=deceased father DET 3PSR=dream–NOM SUBORD 3PRO 3S.INDP=dream–CMP.INDP
‘Well, my late father told me about a dream he dreamed.’
2)
speaker		 Tum tsu maʔixxɨ,
tum ¢uʔ Ø=maʔiš–wɨ
one night 3S.INDP=dream–CMP.INDP
‘One night he dreamed,’
3)
speaker		 kwandu nɨmmɨy tsamtɨkawɨ tum pɨn nɨmpa,
cuando nɨmmɨ ʔɨy=¢am–tɨka–wɨ tum pɨn Ø=nɨm–pa
when PROGAUX 3A.DEP=speak–COM–INC.DEP one man 3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP
‘when he was speaking in the company of a man, he said,’
4)
speaker		 Nɨʔti gaʔ tum pɨn.
nɨʔ–ti Ø=kaʔ tum pɨn
NEG–thing 3S.INDP=COP INDEF man
‘No, that is a man.’
5)
speaker		 Nɨmmɨy tsamtɨkawɨ.
nɨmmɨ ʔɨy=¢am–tɨka–wɨ
PROGAUX 3A.DEP=speak–COM–INC.DEP
‘And he was speaking with him,’
6)
speaker		 Gaʔ ya pɨʔoyyɨ gaʔ ke dyablo.
kaʔ ya Ø=pɨʔ–ʔoy–wɨ kaʔ que Ø=diablo
DIST NEG 3S.INDP=put–ANTIP–NEG.CMP DIST SUBORD 3S.INDP=devil
‘He didn’t know that he was the Devil.’
7)
speaker		 Peru kwandu menus dyablo nɨmpa,
pero cuando menos Ø=diablo Ø=nɨm–pa
but when less 3S.INDP=devil 3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP
‘but even so he’s the devil, he says,’
8)
speaker		 poɾke kwandu kwandu yɨʔtstsɨ biy tɨkʔaŋtuŋŋaka,
porque cuando cuando Ø=yɨʔ¢–wɨ bi ʔɨy=tɨk ʔaŋ–tuŋ=ʔaka
because when when 3S.INDP=arrive–CMP.INDP DET 3PSR=house MOUTH–road=sideRN
‘but when, when he arrived at the edge of the entrance to his house,’
9)
speaker		 gaha nɨmpa maʔixihoʔ.
kaʔ=haʔ Ø=nɨm–pa maʔiš–i=hoʔ
DIST=LOC 3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP dream–NOM=LOC
‘there, he says in his dream.’
10)
speaker		 nɨmpa ke tum kabayu xajjɨyyɨ, bi kabayu,
Ø=nɨm–pa que tum caballo Ø=šah–ʔɨy–wɨ bi caballo
3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP SUBORD one horse 3S.INDP=wing–VERS–CMP.INDP DET horse
‘he says he saw a horse with wings, the horse,’
11)
speaker		 ʔi gaʔ, ʔi gaʔ ʔeste maʔixiyo ʔɨy ʔixxɨ bi kabayu ke xajjɨyyɨ.
ʔi kaʔ ʔi kaʔ este maʔiš–i=hoʔ ʔɨy=ʔiš–wɨ bi caballo que Ø=šah–ʔɨy–wɨ
and DIST and DIST this dream–NOM=LOC 3A.INDP=see–CMP.INDP DET horse SUBORD 3S.INDP=wing–VERS=CMP.INDP
‘and that (man) in his dream, saw the horse that had wings.’
12)
speaker		 Jun nɨmjaʔoyyɨ?
huʔ ʔɨn=nɨm–hay–ʔoy–wɨ
QP 1A.INDP=say–APPL–ANTIP–CMP.INDP
‘What did I say?’
13)
speaker		 Yakwɨʔjjaʔoyyɨ.
ʔɨy=yak–wɨʔh–hay–ʔoy–wɨ
3A.INDP=CAUS–shout–APPL–ANTIP–CMP.INDP
‘He shouted.’
14)
speaker		 Nɨmpa ke mix min min mix pɨki
Ø=nɨm–pa que miš min–wɨ min–wɨ miš=pɨk–i
3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP SUBORD 2PRO comeAUX–CMP.INDP comeAUX–CMP.INDP LCL=take–CMP.DEP
‘He says, “I came to take you.’
15)
speaker		 Min min mix pɨki pa mix ʔakompañatsɨkpa nɨmpa.
min–wɨ min–wɨ miš=pɨk–i para miš=ʔakompaña–¢ɨk–pa Ø=nɨm–pa
comeAUX–CMP.INDP comeAUX–CMP.INDP LCL=take–CMP.DEP for LCL=accompany–do–INC.INDP 3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP
‘ “I came to take you to accompany me,” he says.’
16)
speaker		 Nɨkpan wittamɨ.
nɨk–pa ʔɨn=wit–tam–ɨ
goAUX–INC.INDP 1S.DEP=walk–12PL–INC.DEP
‘ “Let’s go for a walk.” ’
17)
speaker		 Gagɨ maʔixijo nɨmpa tijjɨ.
kaʔ=kɨʔ maʔiš–i=hoʔ Ø=nɨm–pa Ø=tih–wɨ
DIST=TDIST dream–NOM=LOC 3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP 3S.INDP=go.and.return–CMP.INDP
‘It’s in that dream, he says he went.’
18)
speaker		 Tijjɨ ʔunyon,
Ø=tih–wɨ Union
3S.INDP=go.and.return–CMP.INDP Union
‘He went to Unión (Hidalgo),’
19)
speaker		 peru ʔananka de bi kabayu gɨxi.
pero Ø=ʔananka de bi caballo=kɨš=hi
but 3S.INDP=riding.behind of DET horse=aboutRN=LOC
‘but he was riding behind on the horse.’
20)
speaker		 Tijjɨ ʔunyon kabayu gɨxi tsɨnnɨ.
Ø=tih–wɨ Union caballo=kɨš=hi Ø=¢ɨn–wɨ
3S.INDP=go.and.return–CMP.INDP Unión horse=aboveRN=LOC 3S.INDP=sit–CMP.INDP
‘He went to Unión (Hidalgo) sitting on a horse.’
21)
speaker		 ʔi gadɨ kabayu kɨkkɨ.
ʔi kaʔ=tɨʔ caballo Ø=kɨk–wɨ
and DIST=NEUT horse 3S.INDP=fly–CMP.INDP
‘And that horse flew.’
22)
speaker		 Ja naxtuŋŋawɨ si nenti kɨkkɨ poɾke xajjɨyyɨ bi kabayu.
ya Ø=naš–tuŋ–ʔa–wɨ si nen–ti Ø=kɨk–wɨ porque Ø=šah–ʔɨy–wɨ bi caballo
NEG 3S.INDP=ground–road–INCH–NEG.CMP if NEG–thing 3S.INDP=hop–CMP.INDP because 3S.INDP=wing–VERS–CMP.INDP DET horse
‘He didn’t gallop, but fly because the horse had wings.’
23)
speaker		 ʔi yɨʔtstsɨ ʔunyon.
ʔi Ø=yɨʔ¢–wɨ Union
and 3S.INDP=arrive–CMP.INDP Unión
‘And he arrived at Unión (Hidalgo).’
24)
speaker		 Nɨmpa ʔɨy paʔtchukkɨ tum pɨn wattɨyyɨ.
Ø=nɨm–pa ʔɨy=paʔt–šuk–wɨ tum pɨn Ø=waʔt–nɨy–wɨ
3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP 3A.INDP=find–3PL–CMP.INDP INDEF man 3S.INDP=tie–ASSUM–CMP.INDP
‘He says that he found a man tied up.’
25)
speaker		 Wattɨyyɨ tumchik yanuyo.
Ø=waʔt–nɨy–wɨ tum čik yanu=hoʔ
3S.INDP=tie–ASSUM–CMP.INDP INDEF DIM flat=LOC
‘He was tied up on a flat surface.’
26)
speaker		 Tum chik kotsɨkyoʔ nɨmpa wattɨ.
tum čik koʔ–¢ɨk=hoʔ Ø=nɨm–pa Ø=waʔt–wɨ
INDEF DIM HEAD–STOMACH=LOC 3S.INDP=say–INC–INDP 3S.INDP=tie–CMP.INDP
‘He was tied up on a hill, he says.’
27)
speaker		 Nɨmmɨy kɨxxoyyɨ.
nɨmmɨ ʔɨy=kɨš–ʔoy–wɨ
PROGAUX 3S.DEP=eat–ANTIP–INC.DEP
‘He was eating.’
28)
speaker		 Peɾo komo peɾsogadu nɨmpa,
pero como persogado Ø=nɨm–pa
but as tied.up 3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP
‘But as he was tied up, he says,’
29)
speaker		 nɨmmɨy watkɨxxoxukkɨ.
nɨmmɨ ʔɨy=waʔt–kɨš–ʔoy–šuk–wɨ
PROGAUX 3S.DEP=tie–eat–ANTIP–3PL–INC.DEP
‘he was being fed tied up.’
30)
speaker		 ʔi gagɨ pɨn nɨmpa yaknɨmyaʔoyyɨ,
ʔi kaʔ=kɨʔ pɨn Ø=nɨm–pa ʔɨy=yak–nɨm–hay–ʔoy–wɨ
and DIST=TDIST man 3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP 3A.INDP=CAUS–say–APPL–ANTIP–CMP.INDP
‘And the man told him,’
31)
speaker		 Nɨmpa ke yɨʔ.
Ø=nɨm–pa que yɨʔ
3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP SUBORD PRX
‘He says that this (man).’
32)
speaker		 Jɨmpa yɨdɨ pɨn nɨmpa watnɨyyɨʔ yɨji,
Ø=nɨm–pa yɨʔ=tɨʔ pɨn Ø=nɨm–pa Ø=waʔt–nɨy–wɨ=pɨʔ yɨʔ=hi
3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP PRX=NEUT man 3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP 3S.INDP=tie–ASSUM–CMP.INDP=REL PRX=LOC
‘He says , “This man that is tied here,’
33)
speaker		 nɨmmɨn yakkɨxxodammɨ.
nɨm–wɨ ʔɨn=yak–kɨš–ʔoy–tam–wɨ
PROGAUX–CMP.INDP 1A.DEP=CAUS–eat–ANTIP–12PL–INC.DEP
‘ “we’re feeding him.’
34)
speaker		 ʔɨn watkɨxxodampa nɨmpa.
ʔɨn=waʔt–kɨš–ʔoy–tam–pa Ø=nɨm–pa
1A.INDP=tie–eat–ANTIP–12PL–INC.INDP 3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP
‘ “We are feeding him tied up,” he says.’
35)
speaker		 Jɨʔ tum riku de ʔunyon,
yɨʔ Ø=tum rico de Union
PRX 3S.INDP=INDEF rich of Unión
‘This is a rich (man) from Unión (Hidalgo),’
36)
speaker		 ʔi biy kɨxkuy ʔɨy ʔixyayyɨ.
ʔi bi ʔɨy=kɨš–kuy ʔɨy=ʔiš–hay–wɨ
and DET 3PSR=eat–INSTR.NOM 3A.INDP=see–APPL–CMP.INDP
‘and he saw his food.’
37)
speaker		 Nɨmpa ke puru pak,
Ø=nɨm–pa que puro pak
3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP SUBORD pure bone
‘He says that was only bones,’
38)
speaker		 puru pak nɨmmɨy kɨxxɨ.
puro pak nɨmmɨ ʔɨy=kɨš–wɨ
pure bone PROGAUX 3A.DEP=eat–INC.DEP
‘only bones, he was eating.’
39)
speaker		 Montonadu bi pakdɨkay.
Ø=montonado bi pak–tɨkay
3S.INDP=pile DET bone–PL
‘It was a pile of bones.’
40)
speaker		 Puɾ kaʔwɨʔk ʔanmaldɨkay, pwes puɾu pakdɨkay.
puro Ø=kaʔ–wɨ=pɨʔk animal–tɨkay Ø=pak–tɨkay
pure 3S.INDP=die–CMP.INDP=REL animal–PL 3S.INDP=bone–PL
‘Only from animals that are dead, well, just bones.’
41)
speaker		 Gaʔ bi nɨmmɨy kɨxxɨ gagɨ riku.
kaʔ bi nɨmmɨ ʔɨy=kɨš–wɨ kaʔ=kɨʔ rico
DIST COP PROGAUX 3A.INDP=eat–INC.DEP DIST=TDIST rich
‘That is what that rich (man) was eating.’
42)
speaker		 ʔeste ʔɨy watkɨxxoxukpa.
este ʔɨy=waʔt–kɨš–ʔoy–šuk–pa
this 3A.INDP=tie–eat–ANTIP–3PL–INC.INDP
‘This, they were feeding him tied up.’
43)
speaker		 ʔadyo ʔɨy nɨmjayyɨ,
ʔadyo ʔɨy=nɨm–hay–wɨ
and.from.there 3A.INDP=say–APPL–CMP.INDP
‘At that point, he tells him,’
44)
speaker		 Nɨmpa ke dey kɨmaŋŋɨ gɨta ʔɨn kabayu gɨxi.
Ø=nɨm–pa que tey Ø=kɨ.maŋ–wɨ kɨta ʔɨn=caballo=kɨš=hi
3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP SUBORD now 3S.INDP=ascend–CMP.INDP again 1PSR=horse=aboveRN=LOC
‘ “Now I say, get back up on my horse.” ’
45)
speaker		 Nɨmpa nɨktampa injenyu santu domingu.
Ø=nɨm–pa Ø=nɨk–tam–pa Ingenio Santo Domingo
3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP 3S.INDP=go–12PL–INC.INDP Ingenio Santo Domingo
‘He says, “We’ll go to Santo Domingo Ingenio.” ’
46)
speaker		 Nnukkoxxukkɨ ʔinjenyu santo domingu nɨmpa.
Ø=nuk–ʔoy–šuk–wɨ Ingenio Santo Domingo Ø=nɨm–pa
3S.INDP=take–ANTIP–3PL–CMP.INDP Ingenio Santo Domingo 3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP
‘They left for Santo Domingo Ingenio he says.’
47)
speaker		 Por lo mismo nɨmpa.
por‿lo‿mismo Ø=nɨm–pa
the.same 3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP
‘(They found) the same (a man eating bones), he says.’
48)
speaker		 ʔɨy patchukkɨ tum pɨn watnɨyyɨ.
ʔɨy=paʔt–šuk–wɨ tum pɨn Ø=waʔt–nɨy–wɨ
3A.INDP=find–3PL–CMP.INDP INDEF man 3S.INDP=tie–ASSUM–CMP.INDP
‘They found a man tied up.’
49)
speaker		 ʔɨy watkɨxxoxukpa.
ʔɨy=waʔt–kɨš–ʔoy–šuk–pa
3A.INDP=tie–eat–ANTIP–3PL–INC.INDP
‘(A man) being fed tied up.’
50)
speaker		 Pur pak nɨmmɨy kɨxxɨ.
puro pak nɨmmɨ ʔɨy=kɨš–wɨ
only bone PROGAUX 3A.DEP=eat–INC.DEP
‘Just bones, he was eating.’
51)
speaker		 ʔi ʔi ʔɨy kɨʔaŋtsɨkkɨ nɨmpa,
ʔi ʔi ʔɨy=kɨʔ–ʔaŋ–¢ɨk–wɨ Ø=nɨm–pa
and and 3A.INDP=UNDER–MOUTH–do–CMP.INDP 3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP
‘And he asks, he says,’
52)
speaker		 Ke tigo biy watkɨxxoxukpa?
que ti=ko bi ʔɨy=waʔt=kɨš–ʔoy–šuk–pa
SUBORD what=for DET 3A.DEP=tie–eat–ANTIP–3PL–INC.INDP
‘ “Why are they being fed tied up?” ’
53)
speaker		 Porke yɨʔ nɨmpa tijjɨ tum riku.
porque yɨʔ Ø=nɨm–pa Ø=tih–wɨ tum rico
because PRX 3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP 3S.INDP=go.and.return–CMP.INDP INDEF rich
‘ “Because this (man) was a rich (man).’
54)
speaker		 ʔinjenyu santu dumiŋu tsɨnnɨʔk riku.
Ingenio Santo Domingo Ø=¢ɨn–wɨ=pɨʔk rico
Ingenio Santo Domingo 3S.INDP=seated–CMP.INDP=REL rich
‘ “The rich man who controlled Santo Domingo Ingenio.” ’
55)
speaker		 ʔi gaʔ nɨmmɨy watkɨxxoxukkɨ.
ʔi kaʔ nɨmmɨ ʔɨy=waʔt–kɨš–ʔoy–šuk–wɨ
and DIST PROGAUX 3A.DEP=tie–eat–ANTIP–3PL–INC.DEP
‘And that (man) is fed tied up.’
56)
speaker		 poɾke puɾ pak nɨmmɨy kɨxxɨ,
porque puro pak nɨmmɨ ʔɨy=kɨš–wɨ
because only bone PROGAUX 3A.DEP=eat–INC.DEP
‘because he was eating just bone.’
57)
speaker		 yɨ tum riku tijjɨʔ nɨmpa,
yɨʔ tum rico Ø=tih–wɨ=pɨʔ Ø=nɨm–pa
PRX one rich 3S.INDP=go–CMP.INDP=REL 3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP
‘ “This man who was rich,” he says,’
58)
speaker		 yɨ dɨ pɨn riku wen.
yɨʔ=tɨʔ pɨn Ø=rico wen
PRX=NEUT man 3S.INDP=rich truly
‘ “this man was really rich.” ’
59)
speaker		 ʔɨy rikesa ʔɨy ʔaŋŋittɨ nɨmpa,
ʔɨy=riquesa ʔɨy=ʔaŋ–ʔit–wɨ Ø=nɨm–pa
3PSR=riches 3A.INDP=MOUTH–exist–CMP.INDP 3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP
‘He says, “He was wealthy,’
60)
speaker		 ʔi kwan de tijjɨ riku,
ʔi cuando te Ø=tih–wɨ rico
and when NEUT 3S.INDP=go–CMP.INDP rich
‘ “and when he was rich,” ’
61)
speaker		 nɨmpa ʔɨy kɨxxɨ sabroso ʔy kosadɨkay
Ø=nɨm–pa ʔɨy=kɨš–wɨ sabroso ʔɨy=cosa–tɨkay
3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP 3A.INDP=eat–CMP.INDP delicious 3PSR=thing–PL
‘he says, “he ate many delicious things,’
62)
speaker		 ʔi dey nɨmmɨy kɨxxam.
ʔi tey nɨmmɨ ʔɨy=kɨš–e=ʔam
and now PROGAUX 3A.DEP=eat–CMP.DEP=IAM
‘ “and now he is eating (just bones).” ’
63)
speaker		 ʔix! junaŋ ʔɨm ʔamapa dey?
ʔiš–ɨ huʔ=naŋ ʔɨm=ʔama–pa tey
see–IMP how=PERL 2A.INDP=look–INC.INDP now
‘ “Look! How does it look now?” ’
64)
speaker		 ʔɨy nɨmyaba bi pɨn, bi ʔɨy yakpɨkwitobaʔ bin dejunt jaton maʔixijo.
ʔɨy=nɨm–hay–pa bi pɨn bi ʔɨy=yak–pɨk–wit–ʔoy–pa=pɨʔ bi ʔɨn=defunto haton maʔiš–i=hoʔ
3A.INDP=say–APPL–INC.INDP DET man DET 3A.INDP=CAUS–take–walk–ANTIP–INC.INDP=REL DET 1PSR=deceased father dream–NOM=LOC
‘He tells him, the (man) that took my late father traveling in the dream.’
65)
speaker		 ʔadyo pitsɨmxukkɨ gadɨ, gadɨ san pabluyoŋ, gadɨ ʔinjenyuyoŋ.
ʔadyo Ø=pi¢ɨm–šuk–wɨ kaʔ=tɨʔ kaʔ=tɨʔ San Pablo=hoʔ=ŋ kaʔ=tɨʔ Ingenio=hoʔ=ŋ
from.there 3S.INDP=exit–3PL–CMP.INDP DIST=NEUT DIST=NEUT San Pablo=LOC=PERL DIST=NEUT Ingenio=LOC=PERL
‘They left there, there from Santo Domingo Ingenio.’
66)
speaker		 Nɨkkɨchukkɨ pa ʔokjɨ.
Ø=nɨk–kɨʔt–šuk–wɨ para ʔok=hɨ
3S.INDP=go–REPET–PL–CMP.INDP for Niltepec=LOC
‘They returned to go to Niltepec.’
67)
speaker		 Pa ʔokjɨ nɨmpa.
para ʔok=hɨ Ø=nɨm–pa
for Niltepec=LOC 3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP
‘He says, to Niltepec.’
68)
speaker		 Jɨʔchukkɨ nɨmpa.
Ø=yɨʔ¢–šuk–wɨ Ø=nɨm–pa
3S.INDP=arrive–3PL–CMP.INDP 3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP
‘They arrive, he says.’
69)
speaker		 Gay por lo mismu ʔɨy paʔchukkɨ tum pɨn.
kay por‿lo‿mismo ʔɨy=paʔt–šuk–wɨ tum pɨn
now the.same 3A.INDP=find–3PL–CMP.INDP INDEF man
‘There, the same, they found a man.’
70)
speaker		 Nɨmmɨy watkɨxxoxukkɨ ne’.
nɨmmɨ ʔɨy=waʔt–kɨš–ʔoy–šuk–wɨ neʔ
PROGAUX 3A.DEP=tie–eat–ANTIP–3PL–INC.DEP also
‘He was eating tied up as well.’
71)
speaker		 ʔi nɨmpa,
ʔi Ø=nɨm–pa
and 3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP
‘And he asked,’
72)
speaker		 Tigo de’xe ʔɨm ʔaŋŋittampa dede pɨn?
ti=ko te=šɨ ʔɨm=ʔaŋ–ʔit–tam–pa teʔ=teʔ pɨn
what=for NEUT=SIM 2A.INDP=MOUTH–exist–12PL–INC.INDP NEUT=NEUT man
‘ “Why is this man (tied up) like that?” ’
73)
speaker		 Pwes nɨmpa kwandu tijjɨ riku,
pues Ø=nɨm–pa cuando Ø=tih–wɨ rico
well 3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP when 3S.INDP=go–CMP.INDP rich
‘ “Well,” he says, “when he was rich,” ’
74)
speaker		 nɨmpa ʔɨy kɨxxɨ lo key tɨwɨ nɨmpa.
Ø=nɨm–pa ʔɨy=kɨš–wɨ lo que ʔɨy=tɨʔ–wɨ Ø=nɨm–pa
3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP 3A.DEP=eat–CMP.INDP it SUBORD 3A.INDP=want–CMP.INDP 3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP
‘he says, “he ate what he wanted,” he says.’
75)
speaker		 ʔi dey nɨmmɨn sufritsɨkkɨ nɨmpa.
ʔi tey nɨmmɨ ʔɨn=sufrir–¢ɨk–ɨ Ø=nɨm–pa
and now PROGAUX 1A.DEP=suffer–do–INC.DEP 3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP
‘ “And now I’m making him suffer,” says (the Devil).’
76)
speaker		 Dede bi kastigu ʔɨy nɨmpaʔuŋ bi pɨn pɨkwitobaʔ nɨmpa.
teʔ=teʔ bi castigo ʔɨy=nɨm–pa=ʔuŋ bi pɨn Ø=pɨk–wiʔt–ʔoy–pa=pɨʔ Ø=nɨm–pa
NEUT=COP DET punishment 3A.INDP=say–INC.INDP=REP DET man 3S.INDP=take–walk–ANTIP–INC.INDP=REL 3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP
‘ “This is the punishment,” says the man walking to my father.’
77)
speaker		 ʔi nɨmpa dey si ʔɨm muxxam mix ke ʔɨm bwen ʔamigu dɨxjɨnaŋ nɨmpa,
ʔi Ø=nɨm–pa tey si ʔɨm=muš–wɨ=ʔam miš que ʔɨm=bueno amigo tɨš=hɨnaŋ Ø=nɨm–pa
and 3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP now yes 2S.INDP=know–CMP.INDP=IAM 2PRO SUBORD 2S.INDP=good friend 1PRO=COM 3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP
‘ “And now yes you know that you are a good friend of mine,” he says,’
78)
speaker		 ʔeste kɨmaŋɨ!
este kɨmaŋ–ɨ
this ascend–IMP
‘This, “Get up!” ’
79)
speaker		 Kɨmaŋɨ!
kɨmaŋ–ɨ
ascend–IMP
‘ “Get up!” ’
80)
speaker		 Kɨmaŋŋɨ gɨta ʔɨn kabayu gɨxi nɨmpa.
Ø=kɨ‿maŋ–wɨ kɨta ʔɨn=caballo=kɨš=hi Ø=nɨm–pa
3S.INDP=ascend–CMP.INDP again 1PSR=horse=aboveRN=LOC 3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP
‘ “Get up on my horse again,” he says.’
81)
speaker		 Nɨk mix ʔɨn tsaʔkɨm tɨkjo.
nɨk–pa miš ʔɨn=¢ak–ɨ ʔɨm=tɨk=hoʔ
goAUX–INC.INDP 1A:2PO 1A.INDP=leave–INC.DEP 2PSR=house=LOC
‘ “I’ll go leave you at home.” ’
82)
speaker		 Nɨmpa gaji ʔɨy juyxukkɨ tum morral de serbesa.
Ø=nɨm–pa kaʔ=hi ʔɨy=huy–šuk–wɨ tum morral de cervesa
3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP DIST=LOC 3A.INDP=buy–3PL–CMP.INDP INDEF sack of beer
‘He says, “There they bought a sack of beer (bottles).” ’
83)
speaker		 Nɨmpa paɾa maʔixiyoʔ pwes,
Ø=nɨm–pa para maʔiš–i=hoʔ pues
3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP for dream–NOM=LOC well
‘He says that for the dream, well,’
84)
speaker		 ʔi ʔɨy pɨknɨkxukkɨ gadɨ serbesa nɨmpa,
ʔi ʔɨy=pɨk–nɨk–šuk–wɨ kaʔ=tɨʔ cervesa Ø=nɨm–pa
and 3A.INDP=take–go–3PL–CMP.INDP DIST=NEUT beer 3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP
‘and they took that beer he says,’
85)
speaker		 ʔi yɨʔchukkɨ tɨkyo,
ʔi Ø=yɨʔts–šuk–wɨ tɨk=hoʔ
and 3S.INDP=arrive–3PL–CMP.INDP house=LOC
‘and they arrived at the house,’
86)
speaker		 nɨmpa ʔɨy jɨxpɨkkɨ metsaŋ, metsaŋ este puɾu.
Ø=nɨm–pa ʔɨy=hɨš–pɨk–wɨ me¢aŋ me¢aŋ este puro
3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP 3A.INDP=BEHIND–take–CMP.INDP two two this cigar
‘he says that they took out two, two of these cigars.’
87)
speaker		 Dede puɾu.
teʔ=teʔ puro
NEUT=COP cigar
‘This is a cigar.’
88)
speaker		 Dede tsɨwi.
teʔ=teʔ ¢ɨwi
NEUT=COP tobacco
‘This is tobacco.’
89)
speaker		 Nɨmpa dey yɨj mix ʔɨn tsakpa tum puɾu nɨmpa ʔi tum dɨx nɨmpa.
Ø=nɨm–pa tey yɨʔ=hi miš ʔɨn=¢ak–pa tum puro Ø=nɨm–pa ʔi tum tɨš Ø=nɨm–pa
3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP now PRX=LOC 2PRO 1A.INDP=leave–INC.INDP one cigar 3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP and INDEF 1PRO 3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP
‘And after he says, “Here I leave you a cigar and another for me,” he says.’
90)
speaker		 ʔɨy yɨktsɨyyɨxukkɨ.
ʔɨy=yɨk–¢ɨy–ʔɨy–šuk–wɨ
3A.INDP=above–light–VRB–3PL–CMP.INDP
‘Then lit them.’
91)
speaker		 Nɨmpa maʔixijo jukxukpa.
Ø=nɨm–pa maʔiš–i=hoʔ Ø=huk–šuk–pa
3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP dream–NOM=LOC 3S.INDP=smoke–3PL–INC.INDP
‘He says that in his dream he smoked.’
92)
speaker		 Jukxukpa bi puɾu pe dede tsɨwi.
Ø=huk–šuk–pa bi puro pero teʔ=teʔ ¢ɨwi
3S.INDP=smoke–3PL–INC.INDP DET cigar but NEUT=NEUT tobacco
‘They smoked the cigars, but they were tobacco cigars.’
93)
speaker		 Dede ney yɨjiʔ,
teʔ=teʔ ney Ø=yɨʔ=hi=pɨʔ
NEUT=NEUT same 3S.INDP=PRX=LOC=REL
‘This is the same that is from here,’
94)
speaker		 ney yɨjiʔ penxukpaʔk tsɨwidɨkay.
ney Ø=yɨʔ=hi=pɨʔ Ø=pen–šuk–pa=pɨʔk ¢ɨwi–tɨkay
same 3S.INDP=PRX=LOC=REL 3S.INDP=plant–3PL–INC.INDP=REL tobacco–PL
‘the same tobacco that’s grown here.’
95)
speaker		 ʔi nɨmpa ke kwandu despitsɨkkɨ bi pɨn nɨmpa,
ʔi Ø=nɨm–pa que cuando Ø=despi–¢ɨk–wɨ bi pɨn Ø=nɨm–pa
and 3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP SUBORD when 3S.INDP=say.goodbye–do–CMP.INDP DET man 3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP
‘And he says when the man said good–bye,’
96)
speaker		 ʔɨm tum ratitu nɨmpa.
ʔɨm tum ratito Ø=nɨm–pa
in INDEF a.while 3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP
‘in a moment (he disappeared) he says.’
97)
speaker		 Yay tsiʔoyyɨ kwenta.
ya ʔɨy=¢iʔ–ʔoy–wɨ cuenta
NEG 3A.INDP=give–ANTIP–NEG.CMP account
‘He didn’t realize.’
98)
speaker		 Kwan minnɨy koʔxawe,
cuando min–wɨ ʔɨy=koʔ–šaw–e
when comeAUX–CMP.INDP 3S.INDP=HEAD–wind.blow–CMP.DEP
‘When he realized,’
99)
speaker		 nɨmpa nenti yaki.
Ø=nɨm–pa nen–ti yak–ti
3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP NEG–thing NEG–thing
‘he says there was no one.’
100)
speaker		 Pe wen wittɨ nɨmpa.
pero wen Ø=wit–wɨ Ø=nɨm–pa
but much 3S.INDP=walk–CMP.INDP 3S.INDP=say–INC.INDP
‘But he walked a lot, he says.’
101)
speaker		 Wen yakpɨkwitoyyɨ.
wen ʔɨy=yak–pɨk–wit–ʔoy–wɨ
really 3A.INDP=CAUS–take–walk–ANTIP–CMP.INDP
‘Really they travelled (all over).’
102)
speaker		 Deʔxeŋ xta.
te=še=ŋ=šta
NEUT=SIM=PERL=no.more
‘Up to here, no more.’