Jitotoltec

The Merchant
told by Pedro González Rojas

Roberto Maldonado Zavala
CIESAS
Jitotoltec is spoken in northeastern Chiapas. Originally thought to be one of the Chiapas Zoque dialects, Jitotoltec has recently been identified as a language in its own right (Zavala 2011) due to differences in its phonology, morphology, lexicon, and grammar that distinguish it from Chiapas Zoque. Speakers refer to the language as ʔɨta norowera ‘our(inclusive) language’ or ʔɨʔti norowera ‘our(exclusive) language’. Jitotoltec has some 3,000 speakers, and is in contact with Tsotsil speakers in the region. The story presented here was narrated by Pedro González Rojas from Ejido Calido, Jitotol, Chiapas on the 9th of January, 2016. While not included in the printed edition of this TILA volume, we are pleased to be able to make it available here.

1)
speaker		 Hoy sábado nueve de…
‘Today, Saturday the 9th of…’
2)
speaker		 nueve de enero de dos mil dieciseis
‘the 9th of January, 2016’
3)
speaker		 estamos en Ejido Calido, Municipio de Jitotol, Chiapas,
‘we are in Ejido Calido, the municipality of Jitotol, Chiapas,’
4)
speaker		 im estamos con don Pedro González Rojas, que nos contara una…un cuento sobre un hombre comerciante.
‘we are with don Pedro González Rojas, who will tell us a … a story about a merchant.’
5)
speaker		 Ma nɨndzuŋi.
maw–pa n–nɨm–¢uŋ–i
goAUX–INC 1A–say–begin–DEP1
‘I am going to begin to say it.’
6)
speaker		 Ni nɨwɨ ke…
ni ∅–nɨm–wɨ que
PROG 3S–say–DEP2 SUBORD
‘It is being said that…’
7)
speaker		 [Ma] ndzame,
maw–pa n–¢am–e
goAUX–INC 1A–tell–DEP1
‘I am going to tell,’
8)
speaker		 ke ʔit tum maʔßaßina haʔmɨktamɨ.
que ∅–ʔit–wɨ tumɨ ∅–maʔʔɨy–pa=pɨʔ=ʔina hama=ʔik=tam
SUBORD 3S–exist–CMP INDEF 3S–sell–INC=REL=CFCT day=TSUB=PL
‘that many days ago there was a merchant.’
9)
speaker		 Hutʃe tum ʦame tʃaßjawɨß ʔatʃpɨʂtap.
huče tumɨ ¢am–e y–¢am–yah–wɨ=pɨʔ ∅–ʔač=pɨʔ=ʔiṣ̌=tam
in.the.manner INDEF tell–NOM 3A–tell–3PL–CMP=REL 3S–uncle=REL=ERG=PL
‘It is like a story that the old men told.’
10)
speaker		 Ke he pɨdina, ʔoßa maʔje jaʔjramom.
que heʔ pɨn=ʔina ʔoy–pa ∅–maʔʔɨy–e yaʔ=hi=tam=hot=mɨ
SUBORD DEF man=CFCT arriveAUX–INC 3S–sell–DEP1 far=LOC.EXT=PL=insideRN=LOC
‘That the man uses to sell far away.’
11)
speaker		 Jaʔj ʔoßa mjaʔj loke tiramɨ mjaʔßaßɨ.
yaʔ=hi ʔoy–pa y–maʔʔɨy–i lo que ∅–ti=tam=pɨʔ y–maʔʔɨy–pa=pɨʔ
far=LOC.EXT arriveAUX–INC 3A–sell–DEP1 it SUBORD 3S–thing=PL=REL 3A–sell–INC=REL
‘He goes far away to sell the things that he sells.’
12)
speaker		 Mjaʔßa joʔre, mjaʔßa ʦoj, mjaʔßa, mjaʔßa kuantoʂ tirap meʂadzɨpaßɨ.
y–maʔʔɨy–pa yoʔt–e y–maʔʔɨy–pa ¢oʔy–i y–maʔʔɨy–pa y–maʔy–pa cuanto=ʔɨṣ̌ ti=tam ∅–meṣ̌–hay–tɨw–pa=pɨʔ
3A–sell–INC twist–NOM 3A–sell–INC cure–NOM 3A–sell–INC 3A–sell–INC many=ERG thing=PL 3S–use–APPL–PASS–INC=REL
‘He sells clothes, he sells medicine, he sells, he sells many things that were used by them.’
13)
speaker		 Tum nagago, ʔɨgɨ tum mɨadzaʔßom,
tumɨ naka=koʔ ∅=ʔɨŋ–wɨ tumɨ mɨha–¢aʔmaʔ=hot=mɨ
INDEF time=then 3S=sleep–CMP INDEF big–mountain=insideRN=LOC
‘One time, he slept in a big mountain,’
14)
speaker		 ʔi dehejɲgo kwando hejɲɨ ʔɨgɨkɨ, pjaʔt tum muru,
ʔi de heyɲɨ=koʔ cuando heyɲɨ ∅–ʔɨŋ–wɨ=k y–paʔt–wɨ tumɨ mut–u
and from there=then when there 3S–sleep–CMP=TSUB 3A–find–CMP INDEF well–NOM
‘and then, when he was sleeping there, he found a wellspring,’
15)
speaker		 ʔie muromgoʔ mjaruŋ hejɲ ʦaʔßagam, tuʔgagame pɨʔdiʂ, he maʔßaßɨʂ,
ʔi=heʔ mut–u=hot=mɨ=koʔ y–matuŋ–wɨ heyɲɨ ¢aʔma=ʔaŋ=hot=mɨ tuŋ=ʔaŋ=hot=mɨ=heʔ pɨn=ʔiṣ̌ heʔ ∅–maʔʔiy–pa=piʔ=ʔiṣ̌
y=DEF well–NOM=insideRN=LOC=then 3A–listen–CMP there mountain=edgeRN=insideRN=LOC road=edgeRN=insideRN=LOC=DEF man=ERG DEF 3S–sell–INC=REL=ERG
‘and then, inside of the wellspring the man, the one who was a merchant, listened to him, there at the edge of the mountain, at the edge of the road,’
16)
speaker		 hetʃe mjaruŋßa hutʃe tum jawʔune nɨ hɨjɨßɨ.
heče y–matuŋ–pa huče tumɨ yawa–ʔune nɨ ∅–hɨy–wɨ=pɨʔ
that.way 3A–listen–INC how INDEF tender–baby PROG 3S–cry–DEP2=REL
‘in that way he heard something like a baby who was crying.’
17)
speaker		 Tia maʂ jɨʔ? Nɨmßa, nɨßdzuʦ.
tia maṣ̌ yɨʔ ∅–nɨm–pa ∅–nɨm–¢o¢–wɨ
what DUB PRX 3S–say–INC 3S–say–begin–CMP
‘What would it be? It is being said that he began to say.’
18)
speaker		 Tia maʂ? nɨmßa tʃogom.
tia maṣ̌ ∅–nɨm–pa y–¢okoyʔ=hot=mɨ
what DUB 3S–say–INC 3PSR–heart=insideRN=LOC
‘ “What would it be?” He says in his heart.’
19)
speaker		 Tʃɨʔnaŋdɨkaaoi tʃɨʔnaŋdɨkaaoi ʔoj kjɨʔgene hejɲ paʔomo hur …
y–¢ɨʔnaŋ–tɨkʔɨy–wɨ y–¢ɨʔnaŋ–tɨkɨy–wɨ ʔoy–wɨ y–kɨʔ–ken–e heyɲɨ paʔaʔ=hot=mɨ hutɨʔ
3A–right–enter–CMP 3A–right–enter–CMP arriveAUX–CMP 3A–downwards–see–DEP1 there bush=insideRN=LOC which
‘He got closer and closer to look out over there in the bushes, which…’
20)
speaker		 Hurɨße ni hɨʔjußɨ hajti kjetɨ hajti kjet namas ke tum …
∅–hutɨʔ=pɨʔ=heʔ ni ∅–hɨy–wɨ=pɨʔ hay–ti y–ken–wɨ hay–ti y–ken–wɨ nada mas que tumɨ
3S–which=REL=DEF PROG 3S–cry–DEP2=REL NEG–thing 3A–see–CMP NEG–thing 3A–see–CMP nothing more SUBORD INDEF
‘Which was the one who was crying? He didn’t see anything, he didn’t see anything but a …’
21)
speaker		 tumɨ…tum maʔdze ʔitɨ wae hejɲ,
tumɨ tumɨ maʔ¢–e ∅–ʔit–wɨ waye heyɲɨ
one one knead–NOM 3S–exist–CMP ground.corn there
‘one…a ball of ground corn (pozol) was there,’
22)
speaker		 ʔie waego kjugdzuŋɨ hɨjaŋew.
ʔi=heʔ waye=koʔ y–kuw–¢uŋ–wɨ ∅–hɨy–ʔaŋ–heh–wɨ
and=3PRO ground.corn=then 3A–lift–raise–CMP 3S–cry–mouth–stop–CMP
‘and then he lifted the pozol, and it stopped crying.’
23)
speaker		 Tsuʔgɨ wɨgotpaʔkpɨwɨ.
∅–¢uʔŋ–wɨ y–wɨ–kot–pak–pɨʔ–wɨ
3S–react–CMP 3A–well–put–insert–COMP–CMP
‘He reacted quickly and put it away.’
24)
speaker		 Wɨgotpaʔkpɨwɨ. Kjot mjorralom he pɨʔdiʂ.
y–wɨ–kot–pak–pɨ–wɨ y–kot–wɨ y–morral=hot=mɨ heʔ pɨn=ʔiṣ̌
3A–well–put–insert–COMP–CMP 3A–put–CMP 3PSR–bag=insideRN=LOC DEF man=ERG
‘He put it away. The man put it inside his bag.’
25)
speaker		 He pɨʔdiʂgo lo ke tʃɨkɨßɨh ɲin tʃɨkaiɲ.
heʔ pɨn=ʔiṣ̌=koʔ lo que y–¢ɨk–wɨ=pɨʔ y–nɨ–min–wɨ y–tɨk=heyɲɨ
DEF man=ERG=then it SUBORD 3A–do–CMP=REL 3A–ASSOC–come–CMP 3PSR–house=there
‘And then the man, the thing that he did, he brought it back home.’
26)
speaker		 Mid mi ɲɨndzam ɲɨruk, heiɲ mi ɲɨndzam he jjomo tʃukom,
∅–min–wɨ mi y–nɨm–¢am–e y–nɨtuk heyɲɨ mi y–nɨm–¢am–e heʔ y–yomo y–tɨk=hot=mɨ
3S–come–CMP comeAUX 3A–say–tell–DEP1 3PSR–partner there comeAUX 3A–say–tell–DEP1 DEF 3PSR–woman 3PSR–house=insideRN=LOC
‘He came to tell it to his partner, he came over there to tell it to his wife in his house,’
27)
speaker		 kee pjaʔt he wae pero kinsaß tiorap wɨʔpɨrɨwßɨ.
que y–paʔt–wɨ=heʔ waye pero quién sabe ti ∅–hora=pɨʔ ∅–wɨʔp–itɨw–wɨ=pɨʔ
SUBORD 3A–find–CMP=DEF ground.corn but who know:3SG:PRES what 3S–time=REL 3S–throw–PASS–CMP=REL
‘that he found the pozol, but who knows since when it was thrown away.’
28)
speaker		 ʔiʂ wɨʔpɨw? wa tugdzagtɨw?
ʔiw=ʔiṣ̌ y–wɨʔp–pɨʔ–wɨ waʔa ∅–tuŋ–¢ak–ɨtɨw–wɨ
who=ERG 3A–throw–COMP–CMP or 3S–road–abandon–PASS–CMP
‘Who threw it away? Or was it left behind?’
29)
speaker		 Lo ke tʃɨkɨßɨʔ nɨw jjomo hindarawɨ nwɨʔmpɨßa nɨwɨ,
lo que y–¢ɨk–wɨ=pɨʔ ∅–nɨm–wɨ y–yomo hinta=ta ∅–wɨʔ n–wɨʔm–pɨʔ–pa ∅–nɨm–wɨ
it SUBORD 3A–do–CMP=REL 3S–say–CMP 3PSR–woman NEG.INC=EXC 3S–good 1A–throw–COMP–INC 3S–say–CMP
‘ “What was the thing that he did?” his wife said. “We cannot throw it away,” she said,’
30)
speaker		 ʔɨkɨßɨ nda mandoʔŋe nɨw.
∅–ʔɨkɨ=pɨʔ nta ma n–toʔŋ–e ∅–nɨm–wɨ
3S–PRX=REL 1EXC goAUX 1A–drink–DEP1 3S–say–CMP
‘ “We are going to drink this,” she said.’
31)
speaker		 ʔi por loke tikɨßɨ ʦirɨwee,
ʔi por lo que tik=ʔɨ=pɨʔ ∅–¢iʔ–ɨtɨw–wɨ=heʔ
and for it SUBORD INTER=PRX=REL 3S–give–PASS–CMP=3PRO
‘And that is the reason why this was given to him,’
32)
speaker		 he juku nɨwɨ ke nemi si ndoʔganda ne nɨw.
heʔ y–ʔuku ∅–nɨm–wɨ que nemi si n–toŋ–wɨ=ʔam=ta nemi ∅–nɨm–wɨ
DEF 3PSR–atole 3S–say–CMP SUBORD now if 1A–drink–CMP=IAM=EXC now 3S–say–CMP
‘his atole she says, “it is what we drink in fact now,” now she says.’
33)
speaker		 Hikʂɨkgo nɨwuke mokgo sempe nɨwʂɨk jakʂkuaw tugdzagtɨwɨ.
hikṣ̌ɨk=koʔ ∅–nɨm–wɨ=ʔuŋ=heʔ mok=koʔ sempe ∅–nɨm–wɨ=ʔuŋ ∅–yakṣ̌kua–wɨ ∅–tuk–¢ak–ɨtɨw–wɨ
that.time=then 3S–say–CMP=QUOT=DEF corn=then maybe 3S–say–CMP=QUOT 3S–suffer–CMP 3S–detatch–abandon–PASS–CMP
‘She said that at that time, she said, the corn was suffering maybe because it was left behind.’
34)
speaker		 Kom ʔutʃe nɨßjapa ʦawßɨndap ʦawjomorap ke hindara wɨ dzakpa ŋwaera tuʔgom.
como ʔuče ∅–nɨm–yah–pa ¢awɨ–pɨn=tam ¢awɨ–yomo=tam que hinta=ta ∅–wɨʔ n–¢ak–pa n–waye=ta tuk=hot=mɨ
as as 3S–say–3PL–INC mature–man=PL mature–woman=PL SUBORD NEG.INC=EXC 3S–good 1A–abandon–INC 1PSR–pozol=EXC road=insideRN=LOC
‘As the old men and old women say, we cannot leave our pozol behind in the road.’
35)
speaker		 Hɨßjuk jakʂkuapuk.
∅–hɨy–pa=ʔuŋ ∅–yakṣ̌kua–pa=ʔuŋ
3S–cry–INC=QUOT 3S–suffer–INC=QUOT
‘It cries, it suffers, it is said.’
36)
speaker		 ʦuge pɨtgo pjiŋ…menak ndzaßgetpɨʂ ke pjigɨ, tʃoʔgjaw wɨʔdzɨkjaw.
∅–¢uʔŋ–wɨ=heʔ pɨn=koʔ y–piŋ me¢–naka n–¢am–ket–pa=ʔɨṣ̌ que y–piŋ–wɨ y–toʔŋ–yah–wɨ y–wɨʔ–¢ɨk–yah–wɨ
3S–react–CMP=DEF man=then 3A–collect two–time 1A–tell–REPET–INC=1ERG SUBORD 3A–pick.up–CMP 3A–drink–3PL–CMP 3A–good–do–3PL–CMP
‘By then the man reacted picking it … I say again for the second time that he picked it up and they drank it, they prepared it.’
37)
speaker		 Komo he pɨtgo maʔßaina hinda tʃɨkpa mokɨrɨgina.
como heʔ pɨn=koʔ ∅–maʔʔɨy–pa=ʔina hinta y–¢ɨk–pa mok–ɨ–tɨk=ʔina
since DEF man=then 3S–sell–INC=CFCT NEG.INC 3A–do–INC corn–GEN–house=CFCT
‘Since the man used to sell then, he didn’t use to cultivate the cornfield.’
38)
speaker		 He ʔameom tʃɨk he pɨʔdiʂ mokɨrɨk.
heʔ ʔame=hot=mɨ y–¢ɨk–wɨ heʔ pɨn=ʔiṣ̌ mok–ɨ–tɨk
MED year=insideRN=LOC 3A–do–CMP DEF man=ERG corn–GEN–house
‘In that year the man cultivated the cornfield.’
39)
speaker		 Tsaʔßdɨpago,
∅–¢am–ɨtɨw–pa=koʔ
3S–tell–PASS–INC=then
‘Then it was said,’
40)
speaker		 ke ʔatʃpɨʂtapgo ke he pɨt tʃaßaʤoʦ jjomo ke ʔuʤi ʔaktodzɨk mok por ke,
que ∅–ʔa¢i=pɨʔ=ʔiṣ̌=tam=koʔ que heʔ pɨn y–¢am–hay–¢o¢–wɨ y–yomo que ʔuy¢i ʔak–toko–¢ɨk–i mok porque
SUBORD 3S–uncle=REL=ERG=PL=then SUBORD DEF hombre 3A–tell–APPL–begin–CMP 3PSR–woman SUBORD NEG.IMP CAUS–go.bad–do–DEP1 corn because
‘that the elders that they started telling the man’s wife that she shouldn’t waste the corn because,’
41)
speaker		 Hɨßja, jakʂkuapa.
∅–hɨy–pa ∅–yakṣ̌kua–pa
3S–cry–INC 3S–suffer–INC
‘it cries, it suffers.’
42)
speaker		 ʔie pɨtgo kee …
ʔi=heʔ pɨn=koʔ que
and=DEF man=then SUBORD
‘And then, the man, it is said that …’
43)
speaker		 ke tʃɨk ʔuʂ mjokɨrɨk he ʔameomɨ
que y–¢ɨk–wɨ ʔuṣ̌ y–mok–ɨ–tɨk heʔ ʔame=hot=mɨ
SUBORD 3A–do–CMP a.little 3PSR–corn–GEN–house MED year=insideRN=LOC
‘it’s said that he planted some of his cornfield in that year,’
44)
speaker		 huʧe nɨßjapa ʦawßɨndap,
huče ∅–nɨm–yah–pa ¢awɨ–pɨn=tam
how 3S–say–3PL–INC mature–man=PL
‘in the way the elders say,’
45)
speaker		 wa koʔktoʤɨw wa ɲnaj jagzɨk here si…
wa ∅–koʔk•toy–ɨtɨw–wɨ wa y–nɨ–min–hay–wɨ y–ʔaŋ–sɨŋ heʔ=teʔ si
SUBORD 3S–appreciate–PASS–DEP2 SUBORD 3A–ASSOC–come–APPL–DEP2 3PSR–mouth–fiesta 3PRO=COP yes
‘in order that he be appreciated, in order that he bring his nahual, that is…’
46)
speaker		 Hindariʔ ʦa mmɨʂpɨßa, peroo…
hinta=tiʔ ¢a n–mɨṣ̌–pɨʔ–pa pero
NEG.INC=INCL IRR 1A–know–COMP–INC but
‘We don’t know everything but…’
47)
speaker		 Tɨßjapa ʦawßɨndap ke, he pɨtgɨmgoo,
∅–nɨm–yah–pa ¢awɨ–pɨn=tam heʔ pɨn–kɨm=koʔ
3S–say–3PL–INC mature–man=PL MED man–INSTR=then
‘Then the elders say together with that man,’
48)
speaker		 ʔituk mjokɨrɨk he pɨdiʂ,
∅–ʔit–wɨ=k y–mok–ɨ–tɨk heʔ pɨn=ʔiṣ̌
3S–exist–CMP=TSUB 3PSR–corn–GEN–house MED man=GEN
‘ “That man had his cornfield,’
49)
speaker		 hikʂɨkamuk ɲɨßʦoʦ mohk ɲɨßʦoʦ mok,
hik=ṣ̌e=ʔɨk=ʔam=ʔuŋ y–nɨ–put–¢o¢–wɨ mok y–nɨ–put–¢o¢–wɨ mok
DIST=SIM=TSUB=IAM=QUOT 3A–ASSOC–exit–begin–CMP corn 3A–ASSOC–exit–begin–CMP corn
‘ “and it is said that since then he began to obtain corn, he began to obtain corn,’
50)
speaker		 ʔie mokpik ŋgojɨkɨ,
ʔi=heʔ mok=pik ŋkoyɨkɨ
and=DEF corn=REASON then
‘ “and then, because of the corn,’
51)
speaker		 jopɨdzoʦ joʂku, juʦuʦ ʔameßame, ʔameßame jupa.
∅–yoh–pɨʔ–¢o¢–wɨ yoṣ̌–kuyʔ ∅–yuw–¢o¢–wɨ ʔame=pɨʔ–ʔame ʔame=pɨʔ–ʔame ∅–yuw–pa
3S–pay–COMP–begin–CMP work–NOM 3S–clear.land–begin–CMP year=REL–year year=REL–year 3S–clear.land–CMP
‘ “the work began to give results, he began to clear the land every year, every year he clears the land.’
52)
speaker		 Jetpikapɨ jeʔʂtukpa junerap jjomo.
ʔi=heʔ=teʔ=pik=ʔam=pɨʔ y–ʔeʔṣ̌–tuk–pa y–ʔune–tam y–yomo
and=MED=COP=INSTR=IAM=REL 3A–feed–3PL–INC 3PSR–son–PL 3PSR–woman
‘ “And it is with that that he feeds his kids and his wife.” ’
53)
speaker		 Nɨmßuk he pɨtgo ke, kom pjiguk he waego nikedɨ.
∅–nɨm–pa=ʔuŋ heʔ pɨn=koʔ que como y–piŋ–wu=ʔuŋ heʔ waye=koʔ ∅–ni–ket–tɨ–wɨ
3S–say–INC=QUOT DEF man=then SUBORD since 3A–collect–CMP=QUOT DET pozol=then 3S–body–see–PASS–CMP
‘Then the man says that it looks like he picked up the pozol.’
54)
speaker		 Huʧe nɨmnɨmßago ke ʔaʧpirapgo sempe jagzɨg pjigajɨ uuʔ
huʧe ∅–nɨm–nɨm–pa=koʔ que ∅–ʔatṣ̌i=pɨʔ=tam=koʔ sempe y–ʔaŋ–sɨŋ y–piŋ–hay–wɨ uuʔ
as 3S–say–DEFOC–INC=then SUBORD 3S–old=REL=PL=then maybe 3PSR–mouth–fiesta 3A–collect–APPL–CMP INTER
‘Then as it is said, that the elders then, it is possible that he collected it(s pozol) from the nahual.’
55)
speaker		 Uuʔ maʂ maʂ jagzɨg pjigaj.
uuʔ mas mas y–ʔaŋ–sɨŋ y–piŋ–hay–wɨ
INTER more more 3PSR–MOUTH–fiesta 3A–collect–APPL–CMP
‘Oh, more and more he collected it from the nahual.’
56)
speaker		 Tsuguk he pɨtgo ha, jamßɨw hega,
∅–¢uʔŋ–wɨ=ʔuŋ heʔ pɨn=koʔ hay y–ham–pɨʔ–wɨ heʔka
3S–react–CMP=QUOT DET man=then NEG.CMP 3A–forget–COMP–CMP DIST
‘The man reacted, he forgot everything,’
57)
speaker		 hega maʔgo hega jakʂkuaku.
heʔka maʔʔɨy–kuyʔ=koʔ heʔka yakṣ̌kua–kuyʔ
DIST sell–NOM=then DIST suffer–NOM
‘the trade, then the suffering.’
58)
speaker		 ßaʂteromukɨ kiʔmßuʦoʔʦ kiʔmßuʦoʔʦɨ.
basta=heʔ=teʔ=ʔam=ʔuŋ ∅–kiʔm–put–¢oʔ¢–wɨ ∅–kiʔm–put–¢oʔ¢–wɨ
enough=3PRO=FOC=IAM=QUOT 3S–go.up–go.out–begin–CMP 3S–go.up–go.out–begin–CMP
‘That is enough. With this he began to progress, he began to progress.’
59)
speaker		 Nɨapgo ke mehorɨ ma juui pɨʔdaßɨʔda pɨʔdaßɨʔda heʂap jjopɨßa joʂku heʔromap.
∅–nɨm–wɨ=ʔam=koʔ que meyor maw–pa ∅–yuw–i pɨʔta–pɨʔta pɨʔta–pɨʔta heʔ=ṣ̌e=ʔam y–yoh–pɨʔ–pa yoṣ̌–kuyʔ heʔ=toʔm=ʔam
3S–say–CMP=IAM=then SUBORD better goAUX–INC 3S–clear.land–DEP1 a.lot–a.lot a.lot–a.lot 3PRO=SIM=IAM 3A–pay–COMP–INC work–NOM 3PRO=INSTR=IAM
‘Then he said that he better clears a lot of land, a lot of land. By then, he used to pay the labor with that.’
60)
speaker		 ʔit wɨpti.
∅–ʔit–wɨ ∅–wɨ–pɨʔ=ti
3S–exist–CMP 3S–good–REL=ADV
‘He lived well.’
61)
speaker		 Hamaʂ haʔwjap ʔoj maaje.
hamas hay=ʔoy–wɨ=ʔam ʔoy–wɨ ∅–maʔʔɨy–e
never NEG.CP=arriveAUX–CMP=IAM arriveAUX–CMP 3S–sell–DEP1
‘He never came back to sell.’
62)
speaker		 Juʔjaŋɨj ɲaʂ ʧɨk tɨk.
y–huy–ʔaŋʔɨy–wɨ y–naṣ̌ y–¢ɨk–wɨ tɨk
3A–buy–additionally.sound–CMP 3PSR–land 3A–do–CMP house
‘He bought more land, he built houses.’
63)
speaker		 Heʔko nɨmßa hee … he pɨtgo ke…
heʔ=ko ∅–nɨm–pa heʔ heʔ pɨn=koʔ que
3PRO=REASON 3S–say–INC DEF DEF man=then SUBORD
‘Because of that then the man says that…’
64)
speaker		 sempe jagzɨg pjigaj u… koʔktodzɨwɨ ßien ke,
sempe y–ʔaŋ–ṣ̌ɨŋ y–piŋ–hay–wɨ ʔu ∅–koʔk=toy–tɨw–wɨ bien que
maybe 3PSR–mouth–fiesta 3A–collect–APPL–CMP or 3S–appreciate–PASS–DEP2 fine SUBORD
‘maybe he picked up his nahual or he was appreciated in such a way that,’
65)
speaker		 hetkɨmmid maʂ maʂ nɨßiapa ke sempe het kɨmmidɨ komo,
heʔ=teʔ ∅–kɨʔ–min–wɨ mas mas ∅–nɨm–yah–pa que sempe heʔ=teʔ ∅–kɨʔ–min–wɨ como
3PRO=COP 3S–downwards–come–CMP more more 3S–say–3PL–INC SUBORD maybe 3PRO=COP 3S–downwards–come–CMP since
‘together with it more and more came, it is said that maybe it came with it since,’
66)
speaker		 sagua tuʔgdzaktɨw kinsagua wɨʔpɨrɨw heko nɨßjapa ʦawjomorapgo ke…
sagua ∅–tuʔŋ–¢ak–ɨtɨw–wɨ kinsagua ∅–wɨʔp–pɨʔ–ɨtɨw–wɨ heʔ=ko ∅–nɨm–yah–pa ¢awɨ–yomo=tam=ko que
who.knows 3S–road–abandon–PASS–CMP who.knows 3S–throw–COMP–PASS–CMP 3PRO=REASON 3S–say–3PL–INC old–woman=PL=REASON SUBORD
‘who knows if it got lost, who knows if it was thrown away, it is because of this that the old ladies say that…’
67)
speaker		 Hindap tʃodzɨgjapa nemiʂe tʃaßjapa.
hinta=ʔam y–toy–¢ɨk–yah–pa nemi=ṣ̌eh y–¢am–yah–pa
NEG.INC=IAM 3A–hurt–do–3PL–INC now=SIM 3A–tell–3PL–INC
‘Now they don’t misspend it, they say that.’
68)
speaker		 Here ndzi here ndzi ɲɨndzɨ ʔidea kuando…
heʔ=teʔ n¢i heʔ=teʔ n¢i y–nɨ–¢ɨʔɨy–wɨ ʔidea cuando
3PRO=COP 1PRO 3PRO=COP 1PRO 1PO–ASSOC–stay–CMP idea when
‘It’s only that… it’s only that, the idea stayed with me when…’
69)
speaker		 ʦaßjaw ʦawɨßɨʔdiʂtapɨ ʔi ʔaʂteɲaŋgɨʂ jaw he kwento.
∅–¢am–yah–wɨ ¢awɨ=pɨn=ʔiṣ̌=tam=pɨʔ ʔi hasta=heyɲi=ʔaŋ–kɨṣ̌=hi ∅–yah–wɨ heʔ cuento
3S–tell–3PL–CMP old=man=ERG=PL=REL and until=there=mouth–topRN=LOC.EXT 3S–finish–CMP MED story
‘the elders said it, and at this point the story ends.’