{"id":1581,"date":"2015-04-15T19:22:56","date_gmt":"2015-04-15T19:22:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/?page_id=1581"},"modified":"2016-09-29T13:28:44","modified_gmt":"2016-09-29T13:28:44","slug":"orthography","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/?page_id=1581","title":{"rendered":"SJQ orthography"},"content":{"rendered":"

The text is transcribed using a practical orthography that follows many of the conventions common in Mesoamerican linguistics, as well as specific adaptations made to these conventions to accommodate the SJQ sound system.<\/p>\n

Consonants<\/h4>\n

The SJQ sound system has 22 consonants (E. Cruz 2011). The IPA values for these consonants are given below, followed by the symbol used in the practical orthography in parentheses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
p (p)<\/td>\nt (t), d (d)<\/td>\nt\u033b (ty), d\u033b (dy)<\/td>\n<\/td>\nk (k)<\/td>\nk\u02b7 (kw)<\/td>\n\u0294 (q)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
–<\/td>\nts (ts), dz (dz)<\/td>\nt\u0283 (ch)<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n\u0283 (x)<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\nh (j)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
m (m)<\/td>\nn (n)<\/td>\nn\u033b (ny)<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
–<\/td>\nl (l)<\/td>\nl\u033b (ly)<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
–<\/td>\n\u027e (r)<\/td>\n–<\/td>\nj (y)<\/td>\nw (w)<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Vowels<\/h4>\n

SJQ has five oral vowels \/a\/ \/e\/ \/i\/ \/o\/ \/u\/ and four contrasting nasalized vowels \/\u00e3\/ \/\u1ebd\/ \/\u0129\/ \/\u00f5\/. Nasalization is indicated by a tilde over the vowel in phonemic transcriptions and by n following the vowel in the practical orthography.<\/p>\n

Tones<\/h4>\n

SJQ has one of the richest tonal systems in the world, with 13 different tonal contrasts. Tones are associated with syllables and are expressed using numbers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
0 = floating, super high tone<\/td>\n04 = Super high to low<\/td>\n40 = Low to super high<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1 = High<\/td>\n14 = High to low<\/td>\n20 = Mid to super high<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2 = Mid high<\/td>\n24 = Mid to low<\/td>\n10 = High to super high<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3 = Low mid<\/td>\n42 = Low to high<\/td>\n140 = High to low to super high<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4 = Low<\/td>\n32 = Mid to high<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Representation of tones on stems with double mora<\/h4>\n

Verb stems containing tones (1, 2, 3, 4, 20, 32, 42, and 40) inflected for the first-person singular (1SG) and first-person plural inclusive (1INCL) have a double mora. For instance, kwi1<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0\u2018CPL:hang:(3SG)\u2019 has a double mora when inflected for first-person singular: ntkwen20<\/sup>en32<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0\u2018PROG:hang:1SG\u2019 and the first-person inclusive (1INCL): ndywen20<\/sup>en32<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0\u2018HAB:hang:1INCL.\u2019\u00a0In the practical orthography each mora bears its own tone such as\u00a0yan42<\/sup>an32<\/sup><\/em>\u00a0\u2018CPL:go.away:1INCL.\u2019 The verbal paradigm in Table 3 in the Notes on SQJ grammar<\/a> section shows another example of this. For further information on SJQ tones, see E. Cruz and Woodbury (2014) and E. Cruz and Woodbury (2006).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The text is transcribed using a practical orthography that follows many of the conventions common in Mesoamerican linguistics, as well as specific adaptations made to these conventions to accommodate the SJQ sound system. Consonants The SJQ sound system has 22 consonants (E. Cruz 2011). The IPA values for these consonants are given below, followed by … Continue reading SJQ orthography<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1601,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/textsOnLine.php","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1581","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1581","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1581"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1581\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1901,"href":"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1581\/revisions\/1901"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1601"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1581"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}