{"id":2171,"date":"2017-05-26T17:13:42","date_gmt":"2017-05-26T17:13:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/?page_id=2171"},"modified":"2024-10-17T20:10:38","modified_gmt":"2024-10-17T20:10:38","slug":"chicahuaxtla-triqui-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/?page_id=2171","title":{"rendered":"Chicahuaxtla Triqui"},"content":{"rendered":"<header class=\"entry-header\">\n<div class=\"volume-number\">[IJAL Texts Online, vol. 2, number 1, May 2017]<\/div>\n<div class=\"storyTitle\">In the Hole of White Dirt<a class=\"note\" href=\"#fn1\" id=\"nref1\">\u00b9<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"storyteller\">told by Felipe Santiago Rojas<\/div>\n<\/header>\n<p><!-- .entry-header --><\/p>\n<div class=\"entry-content\">\n<div class=\"researcher\">A. Raymond Elliott<\/div>\n<div class=\"affiliation\">University of Texas at Arlington<\/div>\n<div class=\"storyPreamble\">The text documented here recounts a popular Triqui legend written and recited by Felipe Santiago Rojas, a native speaker of TRS. The legend was originally told to him by his father, Jos\u00e9 Venancio Santiago who was born and raised in San Andr\u00e9s Chicahuaxtla. The text was recorded in an area called La Ca\u00f1ada Tejocote located on the outskirts of San Andr\u00e9s Chicahuaxtla in July, 2011 at the home of Felipe Santiago Rojas.  The legend is titled, \u201cIn the Hole of White Dirt\u201d and features the \u201cplumed serpent\u201d\u2014a mythological creature that is half-serpent and half-bird. Neil Baldwin (1998) states that the plumed serpent is one of the most pervasive symbols in all of Mexican history and has existed from primordial times to the present. He adds that the serpent symbolizes the passing of time while the bird represents the four elements\u2014earth, wind, fire and water. The plumed serpent thus symbolizes creation.<\/div>\n<div class=\"storyPreamble2\">According to this Triqui legend, the Hole of White Dirt used to be a lake where the plumed serpent once lived. The legend describes the area as rainy with gushing brooks, pine trees, green foliage and pristine waters. During the day, the plumed serpent would come out to rest in order to soak up the heat of the sun\u2019s rays. The villagers, however, avoided walking near the lake for fear that the plumed serpent would swallow them. As time passed, the plumed serpent became annoyed with the overpopulation of the village and mankind\u2019s destruction of the environment. Consequently, the plumed serpent abandoned the lake to seek out a better place to live. Once the plumed serpent left, the rains no longer returned so the lake dried up leaving in its wake what is now known as the Hole of White Dirt.<\/div>\n<div class=\"storyPreamble2\">The text was recorded with Audacity 1.3.9 using a Zoom H4n portable digital recorder connected to a MacBook Pro computer at a sampling rate of 44.1 KHz and a quantization of 16 bits\u2014CD quality.<\/div>\n<div class=\"storyPreamble2\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"line-wrapper\" id=\"1\">\n<div class=\"line-sidebar\">1)<audio class=\"miniaudio\" id=\"audio-2171-1\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/wav\" src=\"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a1.wav?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a1.wav\">https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a1.wav<\/a><\/audio><\/div>\n<div class=\"line-content\">\n<div class=\"line\">\n<div class=\"speech-tier\">Ruhu\u00e2 ru\u02c8man hio\u02c8\u00f3 gats\u00eci<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"secondTranscription-tier\">ruwa\u2074 ru\u0294m\u00e3\u00b3 jo\u0294o\u2075 \u0261atsi\u00b9\u00b3<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-tier\" style=\"grid-template-columns: 7ch 8ch 10ch 10ch ;\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">ruwa\u02d0\u2074<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">ru\u0294m\u00e3\u02d0\u00b3<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">jo\u0330\u0294\u0330o\u0330\u02d0\u2075<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0261at\u0361si\u02d0\u00b9\u00b3<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-tier\" style=\"grid-template-columns: 7ch 8ch 10ch 10ch ;\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">in<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">hole<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">dirt<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">white<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"freeTranslation-tier\">\u2018In the Hole of White Dirt.\u2019<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"line-wrapper\" id=\"2\">\n<div class=\"line-sidebar\">2)<audio class=\"miniaudio\" id=\"audio-2171-2\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/wav\" src=\"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a2.wav?_=2\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a2.wav\">https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a2.wav<\/a><\/audio><\/div>\n<div class=\"line-content\">\n<div class=\"line\">\n<div class=\"speech-tier\">Ruhu\u00e2 ru\u02c8man hio\u02c8\u00f3 gats\u00eci,<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"secondTranscription-tier\">ruwa\u2074 ru\u0294m\u00e3\u00b3 jo\u0294o\u2075\u00b3 \u0261atsi\u00b9\u00b3<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-tier\" style=\"grid-template-columns: 7ch 8ch 8ch 10ch ;\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">ruwa\u02d0\u2074<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0290u\u0294m\u00e3\u02d0\u00b3<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">jo\u0294o\u02d0\u2075\u00b3<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0261at\u0361si\u02d0\u00b9\u00b3<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-tier\" style=\"grid-template-columns: 7ch 8ch 8ch 10ch ;\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">in<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">hole<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">white<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">dirt<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"freeTranslation-tier\">\u2018There is a hole of white dirt\u2019<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"line-wrapper\" id=\"3\">\n<div class=\"line-sidebar\">3)<audio class=\"miniaudio\" id=\"audio-2171-3\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/wav\" src=\"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a52.wav?_=3\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a52.wav\">https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a52.wav<\/a><\/audio><\/div>\n<div class=\"line-content\">\n<div class=\"line\">\n<div class=\"speech-tier\">guinun dahu<u>e<\/u> as<u>i<\/u>j n\u00e2<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"secondTranscription-tier\">\u0261in\u0169\u00b3 dawe\u00b2 asi\u00b2h na\u2074<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-tier\" style=\"grid-template-columns: 8ch 8ch 6ch 9ch ;\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0261i\u2013n\u0169\u02d0\u00b3<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">d\u032aawe\u02d0\u00b2<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">asi\u00b2h<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">na\u02d0\u2074<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-tier\" style=\"grid-template-columns: 8ch 8ch 6ch 9ch ;\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><span class=\"grammatical-term\">pst<\/span>\u2013be<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">lake<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">for<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">long.ago<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"freeTranslation-tier\">\u2018where a lake used to be long long ago\u2019<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"line-wrapper\" id=\"4\">\n<div class=\"line-sidebar\">4)<audio class=\"miniaudio\" id=\"audio-2171-4\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/wav\" src=\"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a53.wav?_=4\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a53.wav\">https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a53.wav<\/a><\/audio><\/div>\n<div class=\"line-content\">\n<div class=\"line\">\n<div class=\"speech-tier\">gataj nugu<u>a<\/u>n\u02c8 ganan\u00ef\u0302n nej y\u00ee\u02c8,<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"secondTranscription-tier\">\u0261ata\u00b3h nu\u0261w\u00e3\u00b2\u0294 \u0261anan\u026f\u0303\u2074 ne\u00b3h \u0292i\u0294\u2074,<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-tier\" style=\"grid-template-columns: 10ch 7ch 11ch 5ch 6ch ;\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0261a\u2013t\u032aa\u00b3\u00b2h<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">nuw\u00e3\u00b2\u0294<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0261a\u2013n\u00e3n\u026f\u0303\u02d0\u2074<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">ne\u00b3h<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0292i\u2074\u0294<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-tier\" style=\"grid-template-columns: 10ch 7ch 11ch 5ch 6ch ;\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><span class=\"grammatical-term\">pst<\/span>\u2013say<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">word<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><span class=\"grammatical-term\">pst<\/span>\u2013tell<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><span class=\"grammatical-term\">pl<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">elder<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"freeTranslation-tier\">\u2018our ancestors told us.\u2019<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"line-wrapper\" id=\"5\">\n<div class=\"line-sidebar\">5)<audio class=\"miniaudio\" id=\"audio-2171-5\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/wav\" src=\"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a3.wav?_=5\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a3.wav\">https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a3.wav<\/a><\/audio><\/div>\n<div class=\"line-content\">\n<div class=\"line\">\n<div class=\"speech-tier\">n<u>i<\/u> ganan\u00ef\u0302n nej s\u00f4\u02c8 si k\u00efj hi<u>a<\/u>\u02c8<u>a<\/u>nj <u>a<\/u>n gahuin n\u00ef\u0300n\u02c8 g<u>a<\/u>chra\u02c8 k\u00efj yin\u00fbn\u02c8,<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"secondTranscription-tier\">ni\u00b2 \u0261anan\u026f\u0303\u2074 ne\u00b3h so\u2074\u0294 si\u00b3\u2013k\u026f\u00b3h  j\u0303\u00e3\u00b2\u0294\u00e3\u00b2h\u00e3\u00b2 \u0261aw\u0129\u00b3 n\u026f\u0303\u00b9\u0294 \u0261a\u00b2t\u0282a\u00b3\u0294 k\u026f\u00b3h \u0292in\u0169\u2074\u0294,<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-tier\" style=\"grid-template-columns: 5ch 11ch 5ch 5ch 14ch 11ch 8ch 20ch 9ch 10ch ;\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">ni\u02d0\u00b2<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0261a\u2013nan\u026f\u0303\u02d0\u2074<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">ne\u00b3h<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">so\u2074\u0294<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">si\u02d0\u00b3\u2013k\u026f\u00b3h<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">j\u0303\u00e3\u00b2\u0294\u00e3\u00b2\u02b0\u00e3\u00b2<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0261a\u2013w\u0129\u02d0\u00b3<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">n\u026f\u0303\u00b9\u0294 \u0261a\u00b2t\u0361\u0282a\u00b3\u0294<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">k\u026f\u00b3h<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0292in\u0169\u2074\u2013\u0294<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-tier\" style=\"grid-template-columns: 5ch 11ch 5ch 5ch 14ch 11ch 8ch 20ch 9ch 10ch ;\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">and<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><span class=\"grammatical-term\">pst<\/span>\u2013tell<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><span class=\"grammatical-term\">pl<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">he<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><span class=\"grammatical-term\">poss<\/span>:mountain<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">god<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><span class=\"grammatical-term\">pst<\/span>\u2013be<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">everywhere<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">mountain<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">town:<span class=\"grammatical-term\">incl<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"freeTranslation-tier\">\u2018and they told us that in all of God\u2019s mountain and in our region,\u2019<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"line-wrapper\" id=\"6\">\n<div class=\"line-sidebar\">6)<audio class=\"miniaudio\" id=\"audio-2171-6\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/wav\" src=\"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a56.wav?_=6\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a56.wav\">https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a56.wav<\/a><\/audio><\/div>\n<div class=\"line-content\">\n<div class=\"line\">\n<div class=\"speech-tier\">n<u>i<\/u> \u00fbta guim\u00e2n chrun ruguchr\u00ef\u00efn n<u>i<\/u> \u00fbta ganachi nita nne<u>e<\/u>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"secondTranscription-tier\">ni\u00b2 u\u2074ta\u00b3 \u0261im\u00e3\u2074 t\u0282\u0169\u00b3 ru\u0261ut\u0282\u026f\u0303\u00b3 ni\u00b2  u\u2074ta\u00b3 \u0261anat\u0283i\u00b3 nita\u00b3 n\u02d0e\u00b3\u00b2<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-tier\" style=\"grid-template-columns: 5ch 8ch 8ch 7ch 12ch 5ch 8ch 12ch 9ch 7ch ;\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">ni\u02d0\u00b2<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">u\u2074t\u032aa\u02d0\u00b3<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0261i\u2013m\u00e3\u02d0\u2074<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">t\u0361\u0282\u0169\u02d0\u00b3<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">ru\u0261ut\u0361\u0282\u026f\u0303\u02d0\u00b3<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">ni\u02d0\u00b2<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">u\u2074t\u032aa\u02d0\u00b3<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0261a\u2013nat\u0361\u0283i\u02d0\u00b3<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">nit\u032aa\u02d0\u00b3<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">n\u02d0e\u02d0\u00b3\u00b2<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-tier\" style=\"grid-template-columns: 5ch 8ch 8ch 7ch 12ch 5ch 8ch 12ch 9ch 7ch ;\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">and<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">many<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><span class=\"grammatical-term\">pst<\/span>\u2013be<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">tree<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">pine<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">and<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">many<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><span class=\"grammatical-term\">pst<\/span>\u2013flow<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">fountain<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">water<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"freeTranslation-tier\">\u2018there were many pine trees and many water springs\u2019<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"line-wrapper\" id=\"7\">\n<div class=\"line-sidebar\">7)<audio class=\"miniaudio\" id=\"audio-2171-7\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/wav\" src=\"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a4.wav?_=7\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a4.wav\">https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a4.wav<\/a><\/audio><\/div>\n<div class=\"line-content\">\n<div class=\"line\">\n<div class=\"speech-tier\">N<u>i<\/u> daran\u02c8 di\u00fb gaman\u02c8 gum\u00e0an,<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"secondTranscription-tier\">ni\u00b2 dar\u00e3\u00b3\u0294 diu\u2074 \u0261am\u00e3\u00b3\u0294 \u0261um\u00e3\u00b9\u00b3,<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-tier\" style=\"grid-template-columns: 5ch 8ch 7ch 9ch 8ch ;\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">ni\u02d0\u00b2<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">d\u032a\u2019r\u00e3\u00b3\u0294<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">d\u032aiu\u02d0\u2074<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0261\u2013am\u00e3\u00b3\u0294<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0261um\u00e3\u02d0\u00b9\u00b3<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-tier\" style=\"grid-template-columns: 5ch 8ch 7ch 9ch 8ch ;\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">and<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">all<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">time<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><span class=\"grammatical-term\">pst<\/span>\u2013rain<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">rain<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"freeTranslation-tier\">\u2018and it was always raining\u2019<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"line-wrapper\" id=\"8\">\n<div class=\"line-sidebar\">8)<audio class=\"miniaudio\" id=\"audio-2171-8\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/wav\" src=\"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a66.wav?_=8\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a66.wav\">https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a66.wav<\/a><\/audio><\/div>\n<div class=\"line-content\">\n<div class=\"line\">\n<div class=\"speech-tier\">n<u>i<\/u> ruhu\u00e2 dahu<u>e<\/u> n\u00e2nj guinun Yuku\u00e1 t<u>o<\/u> hia\u02c8a,<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"secondTranscription-tier\">ni\u02d0\u00b2 ruwa\u2074\u00b3 dawe\u00b2 n\u00e3\u2074h \u0261in\u0169\u00b3 <u>\u0292ukwa\u2075 to\u00b2 ja\u0294a\u00b3<\/u>,<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-tier\" style=\"grid-template-columns: 5ch 8ch 8ch 5ch 9ch 26ch ;\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">ni\u02d0\u00b2<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">ruwa\u02d0\u2074\u00b3<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">d\u032aawe\u02d0\u00b2<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">n\u00e3\u2074h<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0261i\u00b3\u2013n\u0169\u02d0\u00b3<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\"><u>\u0292ukwa\u02d0\u2075t\u032ao\u02d0\u00b2ja\u0294a\u02d0<\/u>\u00b3<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-tier\" style=\"grid-template-columns: 5ch 8ch 8ch 5ch 9ch 26ch ;\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">and<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">in<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">lake<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">that<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><span class=\"grammatical-term\">pst<\/span>\u2013be<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><u>snake plumed<\/u><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"freeTranslation-tier\">\u2018and in the lake lived a feathered serpent\u2019<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"line-wrapper\" id=\"9\">\n<div class=\"line-sidebar\">9)<audio class=\"miniaudio\" id=\"audio-2171-9\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/wav\" src=\"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a58.wav?_=9\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a58.wav\">https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a58.wav<\/a><\/audio><\/div>\n<div class=\"line-content\">\n<div class=\"line\">\n<div class=\"speech-tier\">n<u>i<\/u> nga gahuin gu<u>\u00ef<\/u>n n<u>e<\/u>\u02c8 g\u00fci n<u>i<\/u> gahui y\u00f4\u02c8 ruhu\u00e2 dahu<u>e<\/u> n\u00e2nj g\u00fcend\u00e2 g<u>a<\/u>n<u>a<\/u>huin n<u>i<\/u> y\u00f4\u02c8 n\u00e2n,<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"secondTranscription-tier\">ni\u00b2 \u0261a\u00b3 \u0261aw\u0129\u00b3 \u0261\u026f\u0303\u00b2 ne\u00b3\u00b2\u0294 \u0261wi\u00b3 ni\u00b2 \u0261awi\u00b3 \u0292o\u2074\u0294 ruwa\u2074 dawe\u00b2 n\u00e3\u2074h \u0261wenda\u2074 \u0261a\u00b2na\u00b2w\u0129\u00b3  ni\u00b2 \u0292o\u2074\u0294 n\u00e3\u2074,<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-tier\" style=\"grid-template-columns: 5ch 6ch 9ch 6ch 7ch 5ch 5ch 13ch 10ch 7ch 8ch 5ch 11ch 12ch 5ch 10ch 12ch ;\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">ni\u02d0\u00b2<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u014b\u0261a\u02d0\u00b3<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0263a\u00b3\u2013w\u0129\u02d0\u00b3<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0261\u026f\u0303\u02d0\u00b2<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">ne\u00b2\u0294<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">wi\u02d0\u00b3<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">ni\u02d0\u00b2<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0261\u2013awi\u02d0\u00b3<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0292o\u2074\u0294<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">ruwa\u02d0\u2074<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">d\u032aawe\u02d0\u00b2<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">n\u00e3\u2074h<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0261wen\u032ad\u032aa\u02d0\u2074<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0261a\u00b2\u2013na\u00b2w\u0129\u02d0\u00b3<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">ni\u02d0\u00b2<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0292o\u2074\u0294<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">n\u00e3\u02d0\u2074<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-tier\" style=\"grid-template-columns: 5ch 6ch 9ch 6ch 7ch 5ch 5ch 13ch 10ch 7ch 8ch 5ch 11ch 12ch 5ch 10ch 12ch ;\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">and<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">when<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><span class=\"grammatical-term\">pst<\/span>\u2013be<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">warm<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">toward<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">sun<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">and<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><span class=\"grammatical-term\">pst<\/span>\u2013come.out<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">he.animal<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">into<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">lake<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">that<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">for<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><span class=\"grammatical-term\">fut<\/span>\u2013become<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">and<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">he.animal<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">heat.of.sun<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"freeTranslation-tier\">\u2018who would come out in the warmth of the day so he could soak up the heat of the sun\u2019<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"line-wrapper\" id=\"10\">\n<div class=\"line-sidebar\">10)<audio class=\"miniaudio\" id=\"audio-2171-10\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/wav\" src=\"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a5.wav?_=10\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a5.wav\">https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a5.wav<\/a><\/audio><\/div>\n<div class=\"line-content\">\n<div class=\"line\">\n<div class=\"speech-tier\">nitaj si gach\u00een n\u00ecchr\u00f9n\u02c8 nej g\u00fci\u00ec hian n<u>u<\/u>n dahu<u>e<\/u> n\u00e2nj,<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"secondTranscription-tier\"><u>nita\u00b3h si<\/u>\u00b3 \u0261at\u0283i\u2074 ni\u00b9t\u0282r\u0169\u00b9\u0294 ne\u00b3h \u0261wi\u00b3\u00b9  j\u0303\u00e3\u00b3 n\u0169\u00b2 dawe\u00b2 n\u00e3\u2074h,<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-tier\" style=\"grid-template-columns: 20ch 11ch 11ch 5ch 7ch 6ch 6ch 8ch 6ch ;\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\"><u>nit\u032aa\u00b3h si\u02d0<\/u>\u00b3<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0261\u2013at\u0361\u0283\u0129\u02d0\u2074<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">ni\u00b9t\u0361\u0282r\u0169\u00b9\u0294<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">ne\u00b3h<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0261wi\u02d0\u00b3\u00b9<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">j\u0303\u00e3\u02d0\u00b3<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">n\u0169\u02d0\u00b2<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">d\u032aawe\u02d0\u00b2<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">n\u00e3\u2074h,<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-tier\" style=\"grid-template-columns: 20ch 11ch 11ch 5ch 7ch 6ch 6ch 8ch 6ch ;\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">there.be.no<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><span class=\"grammatical-term\">pst<\/span>\u2013pass<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">near<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">people<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">where<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">be.in<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">lake<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">that<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"freeTranslation-tier\">\u2018but nobody could walk near the lake\u2019<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"line-wrapper\" id=\"11\">\n<div class=\"line-sidebar\">11)<audio class=\"miniaudio\" id=\"audio-2171-11\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/wav\" src=\"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a61.wav?_=11\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a61.wav\">https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a61.wav<\/a><\/audio><\/div>\n<div class=\"line-content\">\n<div class=\"line\">\n<div class=\"speech-tier\">dadin\u02c8 nga gachin n\u00ecchr\u00f9n\u02c8 ninj n<u>i<\/u> gayam\u00e2nj gu<u>e<\/u> yuku\u00e1 t<u>o<\/u> hia\u02c8a<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"secondTranscription-tier\">dad\u0129\u00b3\u0294 \u014b\u0261a\u00b3 \u0261at\u0283\u0129\u00b3 ni\u00b9t\u0282\u0169\u00b9\u0294 n\u0129\u00b3h ni\u00b2 \u0261a\u0292am\u00e3\u2074h \u0261e\u00b2 <u>\u0292ukwa\u2075 to\u00b2 ja\u0294a<\/u>\u00b3<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-tier\" style=\"grid-template-columns: 9ch 6ch 10ch 10ch 5ch 5ch 12ch 9ch 28ch ;\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">d\u032aad\u032a\u0129\u00b3\u0294<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u014b\u0261a\u02d0\u00b3<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0261\u2013at\u0361\u0283\u0129\u02d0\u2074<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">ni\u00b9t\u0361\u0282\u0169\u00b9\u0294<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">n\u0129\u00b3h<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">ni\u02d0\u00b2<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0261a\u2013\u0292am\u00e3\u2074h<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0261e\u02d0\u00b2<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\"><u>\u0292ukwa\u02d0\u2075 t\u032ao\u02d0\u00b2 ja\u0294a\u02d0<\/u>\u00b3<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-tier\" style=\"grid-template-columns: 9ch 6ch 10ch 10ch 5ch 5ch 12ch 9ch 28ch ;\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">because<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">when<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><span class=\"grammatical-term\">pst<\/span>\u2013pass<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">near<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">they<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">and<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><span class=\"grammatical-term\">pst<\/span>\u2013swallow<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">surprise<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><u>snake plumed<\/u><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"freeTranslation-tier\">\u2018because when they came near, the plumed serpent would surprisingly swallow them\u2019<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"line-wrapper\" id=\"12\">\n<div class=\"line-sidebar\">12)<audio class=\"miniaudio\" id=\"audio-2171-12\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/wav\" src=\"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a62.wav?_=12\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a62.wav\">https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a62.wav<\/a><\/audio><\/div>\n<div class=\"line-content\">\n<div class=\"line\">\n<div class=\"speech-tier\">d\u00e2nj ninj gataj nej sachij i nga ganan\u00ef\u0302n nej s\u00f4\u02c8,<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"secondTranscription-tier\">d\u00e3\u2074h n\u0129\u00b3h \u0261ata\u00b3h ne\u00b3h sat\u0283i\u00b3hi \u014b\u0261a\u00b3 \u0261anan\u026f\u0303\u2074 ne\u00b3h so\u2074\u0294,<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-tier\" style=\"grid-template-columns: 9ch 6ch 9ch 5ch 10ch 6ch 11ch 5ch 5ch ;\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">d\u032a\u00e3\u2074h<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">n\u0129\u00b3h<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0261\u2013at\u032aa\u00b3h<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">ne\u00b3h<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">sat\u0361\u0283i\u00b3\u02b0i<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u014b\u0261a\u02d0\u00b3<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0261a\u2013nan\u026f\u0303\u02d0\u2074<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">ne\u00b3h<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">so\u2074\u0294<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-tier\" style=\"grid-template-columns: 9ch 6ch 9ch 5ch 10ch 6ch 11ch 5ch 5ch ;\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">that.one<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">they<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><span class=\"grammatical-term\">pst<\/span>\u2013say<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><span class=\"grammatical-term\">pl<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">ancestor<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">when<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><span class=\"grammatical-term\">pst<\/span>\u2013pass<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><span class=\"grammatical-term\">pl<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">he<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"freeTranslation-tier\">\u2018when they passed by, our ancestors told us.\u2019<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"line-wrapper\" id=\"13\">\n<div class=\"line-sidebar\">13)<audio class=\"miniaudio\" id=\"audio-2171-13\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/wav\" src=\"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a63.wav?_=13\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a63.wav\">https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a63.wav<\/a><\/audio><\/div>\n<div class=\"line-content\">\n<div class=\"line\">\n<div class=\"speech-tier\">rayi\u02c8\u00ee d\u00e2nj n<u>i<\/u> \u00fbta g<u>a<\/u>n\u02c8 gach\u00een nej s\u00f4\u02c8,<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"secondTranscription-tier\">ra\u0292i\u00b3\u0294i\u2074 d\u00e3\u2074h ni\u00b2 u\u2074ta\u00b3 \u0261\u00e3\u00b2\u0294 \u0261at\u0283\u0129\u2074 ne\u00b3h so\u2074\u0294,<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-tier\" style=\"grid-template-columns: 10ch 5ch 5ch 8ch 5ch 10ch 5ch 6ch ;\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">ra\u0292i\u00b3\u0294i\u02d0\u2074<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">d\u00e3\u2074h<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">ni\u02d0\u00b2<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">u\u2074t\u032aa\u02d0\u00b3<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0261\u00e3\u00b2\u0294<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0261\u2013at\u0361\u0283\u0129\u02d0\u2074<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">ne\u00b3h<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">so\u2074\u0294,<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-tier\" style=\"grid-template-columns: 10ch 5ch 5ch 8ch 5ch 10ch 5ch 6ch ;\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">therefore<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">that<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">and<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">very<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">far<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><span class=\"grammatical-term\">pst<\/span>\u2013pass<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><span class=\"grammatical-term\">pl<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">he<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"freeTranslation-tier\">\u2018For that reason, people would stay far away from the lake.\u2019<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"line-wrapper\" id=\"14\">\n<div class=\"line-sidebar\">14)<audio class=\"miniaudio\" id=\"audio-2171-14\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/wav\" src=\"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a6.wav?_=14\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a6.wav\">https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a6.wav<\/a><\/audio><\/div>\n<div class=\"line-content\">\n<div class=\"line\">\n<div class=\"speech-tier\">san<u>i<\/u> nga guiyinanj g\u00fci\u00ec n<u>i<\/u> ga\u02c8man ruhu\u00e2 y\u00f4\u02c8 dadin\u02c8 gudur\u00eb\u02c8 n\u00ef\u0300n\u02c8 nej g\u00fci\u00ec hian n<u>u<\/u>n y\u00f4\u02c8, n<u>i<\/u> gahui y\u00f4\u02c8 n<u>i<\/u> ga\u02c8anj y\u00f4\u02c8 a\u02c8ng\u00f4 ne<u>e<\/u>\u02c8 hio\u02c8\u00f3o,<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"secondTranscription-tier\">sani\u00b2 \u014b\u0261a\u00b3 \u0261i\u0292in\u00e3\u00b3h \u0261wi\u00b3\u00b9 ni\u00b2 \u0261a\u0294m\u00e3\u00b3\u0294 ruwa\u2074 \u0292o\u2074\u0294 dad\u0129\u00b3\u0294 \u0261udur\u0259\u00b3\u0294 n\u026f\u0303\u00b9\u0294 ne\u00b3h \u0261wi\u00b3\u00b9 j\u00e3\u00b3 n\u0169\u00b2 \u0292o\u2074\u0294, ni\u00b2 \u0261awi\u00b3 \u0292o\u2074\u0294 ni\u00b2 \u0261a\u0294\u00e3\u00b3h \u0292o\u2074\u0294 a\u0294\u014b\u0261o\u2074 ne\u00b3\u00b2\u0294 jo\u0294o\u2075\u00b3,<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-tier\" style=\"grid-template-columns: 7ch 6ch 13ch 7ch 5ch 25ch 10ch 9ch 12ch 11ch 5ch 7ch 6ch 6ch 10ch 5ch 10ch 10ch 5ch 8ch 10ch 8ch 7ch 10ch ;\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">sani\u02d0\u00b2<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u014b\u0261a\u02d0\u00b3<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0261i\u2013\u0292in\u00e3\u00b3h<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u1d4dwi\u02d0\u00b3\u00b9<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">ni\u02d0\u00b2<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0261\u2013a\u0294m\u00e3\u00b3\u0294 ruwa\u02d0\u2074<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0292o\u2074\u0294<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">d\u032aad\u032a\u0129\u00b3\u0294<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0261u\u2013d\u032aur\u0259\u00b3\u0294<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">n\u026f\u0303\u00b9\u0294<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">ne\u00b3h<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">wi\u02d0\u00b3\u00b9<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">j\u0303\u00e3\u02d0\u00b3<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">n\u0169\u02d0\u00b2<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0292o\u2074\u0294,<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">ni\u02d0\u00b2<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0261\u2013awi\u02d0\u00b3<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0292o\u2074\u0294<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">ni\u02d0\u00b2<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0261\u2013a\u0294\u00e3\u00b3h<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0292o\u2074\u0294<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">a\u0294\u014b\u0261o\u02d0\u2074<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">ne\u00b3\u00b2<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">jo\u0294\u032co\u02d0\u2075\u00b3,<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-tier\" style=\"grid-template-columns: 7ch 6ch 13ch 7ch 5ch 25ch 10ch 9ch 12ch 11ch 5ch 7ch 6ch 6ch 10ch 5ch 10ch 10ch 5ch 8ch 10ch 8ch 7ch 10ch ;\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">but<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">when<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><span class=\"grammatical-term\">pst<\/span>\u2013multiply<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">people<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">and<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><span class=\"grammatical-term\">pst<\/span>\u2013heat.up inside\u2013anger<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">he.animal<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">because<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><span class=\"grammatical-term\">pst<\/span>\u2013destroy<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">completely<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><span class=\"grammatical-term\">pl<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">people<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">where<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">be.in<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">he.animal<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">and<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><span class=\"grammatical-term\">pst<\/span>\u2013leave<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">he.animal<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">and<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><span class=\"grammatical-term\">pst<\/span>\u2013go<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">he.animal<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">another<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">toward<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">land<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"freeTranslation-tier\">\u2018But when the population kept growing, the plumed serpent became so angry because they were destroying everything so he decided to abandon that lake to go live in another land\u2019<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"line-wrapper\" id=\"15\">\n<div class=\"line-sidebar\">15)<audio class=\"miniaudio\" id=\"audio-2171-15\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/wav\" src=\"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a7.wav?_=15\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a7.wav\">https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/a7.wav<\/a><\/audio><\/div>\n<div class=\"line-content\">\n<div class=\"line\">\n<div class=\"speech-tier\">hu\u00ea danj n<u>i<\/u> ganak\u00f2 dahu<u>e<\/u> guinun ruhu\u00e2 ru\u02c8man n\u00e2nj dadin\u02c8 nitaj si gaman\u02c8 niko g<u>a<\/u>\u02c8 gataj nej sachij i n<u>a<\/u>nj anj.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"secondTranscription-tier\"><u>we\u2074_d\u00e3\u00b3h<\/u> ni\u00b2 \u0261anako\u00b9 dawe\u00b2 \u0261in\u0169\u00b3 ruwa\u2074 ru\u0294m\u00e3\u00b3 n\u00e3\u2074h dad\u0129\u00b3\u00b2\u0294 <u>nita\u00b3h si<\/u>\u00b3 \u0261am\u00e3\u00b3\u0294 niko\u00b3 \u0261a\u00b2\u0294 \u0261ata\u00b3h ne\u00b3h sat\u0283i\u00b3hi n\u00e3\u00b2h\u00e3\u00b3h<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-tier\" style=\"grid-template-columns: 17ch 5ch 11ch 8ch 9ch 7ch 9ch 5ch 10ch 23ch 9ch 7ch 5ch 9ch 5ch 9ch 11ch ;\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\"><u>we\u02d0\u2074d\u032a\u00e3\u00b3h<\/u><\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">ni\u02d0\u00b2<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0261a\u2013nako\u02d0\u00b9<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">d\u032aawe\u02d0\u00b2<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0261i\u2013n\u0169\u02d0\u00b3\u00b2<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0290uwa\u02d0\u2074<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0290u\u0294m\u00e3\u02d0\u00b3\u00b2<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">n\u00e3\u2074h<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">d\u032aad\u032a\u0129\u00b3\u00b2\u0294<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\"><u>nit\u032aa\u00b3h si\u02d0<\/u>\u00b3 si<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0261\u2013am\u00e3\u00b3\u0294<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">niko\u02d0\u00b3<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0261a\u00b2\u0294<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\u0261\u2013at\u032aa\u00b3h<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">ne\u00b3h<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">sat\u0361\u0283i\u00b3h<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">n\u00e3\u00b2h\u00e3\u00b3h<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-tier\" style=\"grid-template-columns: 17ch 5ch 11ch 8ch 9ch 7ch 9ch 5ch 10ch 23ch 9ch 7ch 5ch 9ch 5ch 9ch 11ch ;\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">therefore<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">and<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><span class=\"grammatical-term\">pst<\/span>\u2013dry.up<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">lake<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><span class=\"grammatical-term\">pst<\/span>\u2013be<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">inside<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">hole<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">this<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">because<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">there.be.nothing<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><span class=\"grammatical-term\">pst<\/span>\u2013rain<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">much<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">now<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><span class=\"grammatical-term\">pst<\/span>\u2013say<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\"><span class=\"grammatical-term\">pl<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">ancestor<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"morpheme-cell\">\n<div class=\"morpheme-gloss\">PART ( . )<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"freeTranslation-tier\">\u2018and after that, the lake dried up because the rain never returned, our elders told us.\u2019<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr>\n<div class=\"notes\">Notes<\/div>\n<div class=\"footnotes\">\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn1\">Partial funding for this research was provided by the McDowell Center for Critical Languages and Area Studies at the University of Texas at Arlington. I would like to thank Dr. David Beck, co-editor of the International Journal of American Linguistics and the anonymous reviewer of this manuscript for his or her insightful recommendations and suggestions.  I am indebted to Mr. Felipe Santiago Rojas for serving as our consultant and enabling us to document this historically important Triqui legend. A special thank you to Christian DiCanio for sharing his Itunyoso Triqui online database with me and to Hilaria Cruz for her help in formatting the ELAN template. The following undergraduate and graduate students participated in this research: Ramiro Valenzuela, Paul Jacob Kinzler, Aaron Lansford and Humberto Rodr\u00edguez.  I would be remiss without thanking the leaders of San Andr\u00e9s Chicahuaxtla for welcoming us into their village and for making us feel right at home. <i>\u00dbta guruhu\u00e2a nej e r\u00e8&#8217;<\/i>. A PDF version of these materials can be found <a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/ELLIOTT-TRS-Plumed-Serpent-IJAL.pdf\">here<\/a>. <a href=\"#nref1\">[back]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spacer\"><\/div>\n<p><audio class=\"player\" id=\"audioplayer\" src=\"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Elliot_audio\/Chicahuaxtla Triqui - La serpiente emplumada 04-28-2016.wav\" controls=\"\"><\/audio><br \/>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\">window.annotations=[{ 'id' : '1', 'start' : '865.0', 'end' : '2685.0'},{ 'id' : '2', 'start' : '5290.0', 'end' : '6553.0'},{ 'id' : '3', 'start' : '7385.0', 'end' : '8846.0'},{ 'id' : '4', 'start' : '9377.0', 'end' : '11275.0'},{ 'id' : '5', 'start' : '12480.0', 'end' : '15630.0'},{ 'id' : '6', 'start' : '16396.0', 'end' : '20315.0'},{ 'id' : '7', 'start' : '21105.0', 'end' : '23086.0'},{ 'id' : '8', 'start' : '23326.0', 'end' : '25946.0'},{ 'id' : '9', 'start' : '26643.0', 'end' : '31895.0'},{ 'id' : '10', 'start' : '32765.0', 'end' : '36288.0'},{ 'id' : '11', 'start' : '37165.0', 'end' : '41473.0'},{ 'id' : '12', 'start' : '42088.0', 'end' : '45036.0'},{ 'id' : '13', 'start' : '46353.0', 'end' : '49820.0'},{ 'id' : '14', 'start' : '51585.0', 'end' : '62005.0'},{ 'id' : '15', 'start' : '62925.0', 'end' : '70604.0'}]<\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[IJAL Texts Online, vol. 2, number 1, May 2017] In the Hole of White Dirt\u00b9 told by Felipe Santiago Rojas A. Raymond Elliott University of Texas at Arlington The text documented here recounts a popular Triqui legend written and recited by Felipe Santiago Rojas, a native speaker of TRS. The legend was originally told to &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/?page_id=2171\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Chicahuaxtla Triqui<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1578,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/textsOnLine.php","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2171","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2171","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2171"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2171\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2949,"href":"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2171\/revisions\/2949"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1578"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.americanlinguistics.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2171"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}